A Water Distribution System for Cold Regions: The Single Main Recirculation Method: An Historical Review, Field Evaluation, and Suggested Design Procedures

Students and residents of the Arctic are familiar with the many problems peculiar to the geographical area. This monograph will consider an adequate, safe, and reliable water distribution system. Water supply, together with housing, transportation, and waste disposal, are demanded when a remote area becomes established as a permanent settlement. As long as the population of the North was widely distributed in small mining camps, villages, and individual cabins, water distribution systems were not necessary, as shallow wells and nearby streams adequately served most needs. With the rapidly increasing settlement of the vast lands of the North, the population is being centered in communities rather than distributed over large areas. The world population explosion will undoubtedly contribute to increasing immigration into Arctic and sub-Arctic areas. These changes have already created a need for modern water distribution systems, a need which will become more critical with time.The research upon which this publication is based was performed in accordance with Contract No. ph 86-67-18 with the U.S. Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Lastly, the support of the Institute of Water Resources, University of Alaska is acknowledged, through an Office of Water Resources Research grant A-018-Alas

A Ground Water Quality Summary for Alaska: a Termination Report

The expanding economic activity throughout the State of Alaska has created an urgent demand for water resource data. Ground water quality information is of particular interest since this is the most used source for domestic and industrial supplies. Many agencies and individuals have accumulated large quantities of data but their value has been marginal due to a lack of distribution to potential users. It was the original intent of the work reported herein to gather, collate, and publish all ground water quality data available in the files of university, state, and federal laboratories. Soon after the inception of the project the major contributor, the U.S. Geological Survey, found it was administratively impossible to contribute either the monies or the data necessary to accomplish the ultimate goals of the project -- An Atlas on Alaskan Ground Water Qualities. At the time the above decision was made the Institute felt too much information was on hand to allow it to lay fallow. Therefore, this report was prepared, In a more limited scope than originally planned, to fill the need for a readily available source of information.The work upon which this report is based was supported by funds provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Water Resources Research, Project Number A-024-ALAS and Agreement Number 14-01-0001-1070

Disgorgement: from property to contract

The article develops an understanding of the disgorgement remedy in private law by moving between the proprietary context, where the remedy has long been awarded and is fairly uncontroversial, and the contractual context, where the remedy is relatively new and still poorly understood. The resulting account can explain the emerging common law on disgorgement for breach of contract, which has so far eluded explanation. The account also has broader implications for private law theory. First, it suggests that asking whether the plaintiff has a right ‘to a thing’ (the paradigmatic sort of property right) may obscure the remedial analysis. Instead, the analysis should attend to another, hitherto overlooked aspect of the plaintiff’s rights: their ‘logical scope.’ Second, the account suggests that a purely ‘rights-based’ understanding of private law remedies cannot adequately explain disgorgement, because it elides the crucial role that the defendant’s wrongful action plays in the explanation for the remedy

Disgorgement: from property to contract

The article develops an understanding of the disgorgement remedy in private law by moving between the proprietary context, where the remedy has long been awarded and is fairly uncontroversial, and the contractual context, where the remedy is relatively new and still poorly understood. The resulting account can explain the emerging common law on disgorgement for breach of contract, which has so far eluded explanation. The account also has broader implications for private law theory. First, it suggests that asking whether the plaintiff has a right ‘to a thing’ (the paradigmatic sort of property right) may obscure the remedial analysis. Instead, the analysis should attend to another, hitherto overlooked aspect of the plaintiff’s rights: their ‘logical scope.’ Second, the account suggests that a purely ‘rights-based’ understanding of private law remedies cannot adequately explain disgorgement, because it elides the crucial role that the defendant’s wrongful action plays in the explanation for the remedy

Relational wrongs and agency in Tort theory

Some of those theorists who believe tort law consists of relational wrongs also believe, under the influence of Kant’s legal philosophy, that tort law is concerned for the agency of the two parties to a wrongful interaction. I argue that these theorists should discard their agency framework. It distorts our view of tort doctrine and does not really fit the law’s relational structure. We can reach a better understanding just by pursuing the idea that torts are relational wrongs. I try to diagnose and suggest cures for the intellectual tendencies that lead Kantian theorists away from this approach

The signficance of Adams v Lindsell

The 1818 case of Adams v Lindsell states a paradox concerning the formation of contractual agreements. On one common view, the paradox is designed to show that, at least in certain circumstances, a full-blown ‘meeting of the minds’ theory of agreement is impracticable. The present article advances an alternative view of the Adams paradox, on which it has somewhat different implications for our understanding of contract law. On this view, the paradox strikes at a certain form of methodological individualism in our thinking about contractual agreement, which is problematic regardless of whether we seek a ‘meeting of the minds’. Reflection upon this version of the Adams paradox may enhance our understanding both of contractual agreement generally and of the special rules governing the formation of contracts inter absentes

Property and other worries

This comment, written for a symposium on Rowan Cruft's Human Rights, Ownership, and the Individual, considers some aspects of Cruft's discussion of property. I suggest that Cruft glosses over certain complexities in this area, especially concerning the relation between property and other kinds of right. I question some of Cruft’s arguments about the justifiability of property, and indeed whether he is really interested in property as such

Contractual liability and the theory of contract law

This article considers the character of contractual liability and its implications for theories of contract law. Contractual liability has seemed to legal theorists to stand in need of explanation because it is ‘strict’: a contracting party may be answerable for breach regardless of whether her conduct is faulty. In efforts to account for this approach, theorists have invoked a number of well-known general theories of contract, including Holmesian, economic, moral, voluntarist (or choice-based) and rights-based theories. The article contends that none of the existing theories is fully satisfactory. To develop an alternative account, the article suggests we should reconsider the nature of contractual liability in the common law, attending more closely to certain features that theorists have so far tended to overlook. Having done this we will be able to see that another very well-known general theory is capable of accounting for the standard of contractual liability: the theory of contract as promise

Description and evaluation of the seasonal ranging and movement behavior of white-tailed deer, 1979

To describe the location, configuration, and movements within and between seasonal home ranges and to account for the development, maintenance, and variability of seasonal ranging and movement patterns of a representative sample of white-tailed deer