Secure Data Aggregation in Vehicular-Adhoc Networks: A Survey

AbstractVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an upcoming technology that is gaining momentum in recent years. That may be the reason that the network attracts more and more attention from both industry and academia. Due to the limited bandwidth of wireless communication medium, scalability is a major problem. Data aggregation is a solution to this. The goal of data aggregation is to combine the messages and disseminate this in larger region. While doing aggregation integrity of the information can not be easily verified and attacks may be possible. Hence aggregation must be secure. Although there are several surveys covering VANETs, they do not concentrate on security issues specifically on data aggregation. In this paper, we discuss and analyse various data aggregation techniques and their solutions

Investigation of DNA interaction and antiproliferative activity of mixed ligand dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes incorporating ONO donor aroylhydrazone ligands

Four new mixed ligand dioxidomolybdenum(VI) [MoVIO2L1-3(Q)] (1–3), [MoVIO2L4(Q)]2 (H2O) (4) [where Q = MeOH for 1 and imidazole for 2–4] complexes have been synthesized using four different ONO donor aroylhydrazone ligands (H2L1–4). All the derived ligands and complexes have been characterised by different physicochemical techniques, that is, elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (UV–Vis, NMR and IR), and cyclic voltammetry. The molecular geometries of 1–4 were established by X-ray crystallography which reveals - - the Schiff base ligands coordinate - the distorted octahedral metal centres in a di-negative tridentate fashion. The complexes have shown moderate binding affinity (103 to 104 M−1) towards CT-DNA. Further, in vitro cytotoxicity activity of all the complexes were determined against HT-29 (colon cancer) and HeLa (cervical cancer) cell lines. Complex 4, due to the presence of a heterocyclic 2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl moiety in the ligand backbone, was found to be more biologically active in comparison to the others in the series

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Practical Considerations and Challenges Involved in Surfactant Enhanced Bioremediation of Oil

Surfactant enhanced bioremediation (SEB) of oil is an approach adopted to overcome the bioavailability constraints encountered in biotransformation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pollutants. Fuel oils contain n-alkanes and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoaromatics, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although hydrocarbon degrading cultures are abundant in nature, complete biodegradation of oil is rarely achieved even under favorable environmental conditions due to the structural complexity of oil and culture specificities. Moreover, the interaction among cultures in a consortium, substrate interaction effects during the degradation and ability of specific cultures to alter the bioavailability of oil invariably affect the process. Although SEB has the potential to increase the degradation rate of oil and its constituents, there are numerous challenges in the successful application of this technology. Success is dependent on the choice of appropriate surfactant type and dose since the surfactant-hydrocarbon-microorganism interaction may be unique to each scenario. Surfactants not only enhance the uptake of constituents through micellar solubilization and emulsification but can also alter microbial cell surface characteristics. Moreover, hydrocarbons partitioned in micelles may not be readily bioavailable depending on the microorganism-surfactant interactions. Surfactant toxicity and inherent biodegradability of surfactants may pose additional challenges as discussed in this review

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Management of Construction and Demolished Waste as an Aggregate Substitute in Cement Concrete

India is in the process of modernization in the construction sector by repairing, renovation, up-gradation. Presently concrete, the universal building materials whose main ingredient is coarse aggregate. &nbsp;The local natural resources like stone products and sand may exhaust and put the sector deficient of aggregates.&nbsp; The wise use is to reuse recycled concrete and demolition wastes generated from the construction sectors due to shift from horizontal to vertical growth of urban areas. The replacement of recycled coarse aggregate shall efficiently organize the waste management, moderate the environment degradation, and upsurge sustainability. Use of recycling material in the construction industry as a recycled concrete is highly challenging. So our project deals about reusing of demolished concrete blocks from C &amp;D wastes by form of Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) are replacing the Natural coarse aggregate in concrete and use in the construction industry. The replacement of RCA in special concrete of 7 and 28 days of curing and the various physical and mechanical properties of materials and strength test of both concrete such as workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. The test value are compared both in concrete. Our project investigates on recycling demolished waste materials in order to reduce construction cost and resolving housing problems faced by the low-income communities of the world. The crushed demolished concrete wastes is segregated by sieving to obtain required sizes of aggregate, several tests were conducted to determine the aggregate properties before recycling it into new concrete

Profile of Indian adults consulting nurses/midwives for healthcare

The article aims to explore and characterize Indian adults who seek nursing consultations. Nursing professionals constitute two-fifth of the Indian healthcare workforce, but their consultation with patients is limited. Hence investigating the profile of Indian adults who consult nurses is necessary. The study used Secondary data of 72,250 nationally representative adults from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India, which was analyzed for nursing consultation sought by the participants during the 12 months preceding the survey using appropriate statistical methods and weights. Out of 257.1 million adult’s ≥45 years old and their spouses, 69.3% had consulted one or more healthcare workers during the last 12 months preceding the survey, and only 1.30% of adults had consulted nurses/midwives. Those, who consulted nurses/midwives, 16.7%, 26.2%, and 13.3% had consulted at community health facilities such as sub-centers, primary-health-centers, and community-health-centres respectively. Rural residency, female gender, adults with non-chronic diseases, caste, religion, education, and wealth status were found to be significant influencers of nursing consultation. The study concluded that nursing consultation is under-utilized, but serves the need of vulnerable population groups

Correlation Between Extent of Nodal Involvement and Depth of Invasion for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Penis Following Prophylactic Groin Dissection

Background: In Indian sub-continent the presentation of carcinoma penis is variable. The role and timing of inguinal lymph node dissection in patients with carcinoma penis is controversial and not clearly defined. For majority of patients, surgical excision is the most effective means of controlling the disease. Most patients present with palpable inguinal lymph nodes but not confirm of metastases. By classifying disease according to depth of invasion and degree of differentiation of the primary lesion a high degree of accuracy could be obtained in predicting the likelihood of positive groin nodes. The ability to predict cancer progression may help the clinical management of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study on carcinoma penis from a regional cancer centre of eastern India over a period from September 2016- April 2019. A total of 54 cases of invasive carcinoma of the penis were included in the study and details were retrieved from the surgical pathology files at our centre. All the patients’ results were analyzed and evaluated using appropriate statistical method.Results: Total 54 patients were included in the study out of which 19 patients underwent total penectomy while 35 patients underwent partial penectomy. Groin metastases were found in 11 out of 54 patients (20.37%). Nodal metastases were found in 6 of 41 grade I (14.63%) patients, 3 of 10 grade II patients (30%) and 2 out of 3 patients (66.66%) grade III patients. Among patients with depth of invasion greater than 6 mm,10 out of 42 patients (90.90%) had groin node metastasis, whereas for depth of invasion &lt; 5mm 1 out of 12(9.09%) patients had groin node metastasis.Conclusion: Depth of invasion is associated with increased risk of groin metastases in case of squamous cell carcinoma of penis. Risk of metastases is further increased if there is presence of vascular invasion, extracapsular spread and higher grade