Experimental study of spring back of different sheet alloys by pre-load laser bending

In this paper, effect on spring back values of different materials before and after laser bending are studied. Four different alloys were selected for laser bending test: Aluminum Alloy Al-5052M, Stainless Steel Alloy-304M, Low Carbon Steel (perpendicular rolling direction) and Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V (TCL4). Thickness of alloys sheet is almost same. The influence of different mechanical parameters like tensile strength and hardness on spring back values before and after pre-loaded laser bending were analyzed. The results were compared which showed that Al-alloys has large amount of spring back even at small amount of displacement before laser bending which is due to their low tensile strength. But after laser bending titanium alloys have high value of spring back as compare to before pre-loaded laser bending value proving that this laser bending technique can be a useful method for those alloys which are not easy to deform at normal temperature

Trade agreements between developing countries: a case study of Pakistan - Sri Lanka free trade agreement

This paper assesses the pre and post Free Trade Agreement (FTA) pattern in bilateral trade between Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Besides the usual direction of trade analysis we also use general and partial equilibrium approaches in order to evaluate the true potential of this FTA. Our results reveal an increase in welfare and efficiency for both countries. However export basket has not changed much since pre-FTA period. This calls for creating awareness about the FTA and putting in place a consultative mechanism with trade community that can identify the manner in which both countries can accrue maximum benefit from the free movement of tradable goods. Similar suggestions follow in our perception survey carried out for this study

Determinants of Parental Choice for Public – Private Schooling of Children:A Study of Rawalpindi-Islamabad

This study aimed at analysing the factor of parental choice for public-private schools in the area of Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan. For this purpose 150 parents, having at least one child attending school, were approached. Dependent variables in the present study are number of child in private school, number of child in public school, number of girls in private school and number of boys in private school. Independent variables are parent’s income, parent’s education, private school fee, quality of education, confidence building, infrastructure and values. Negative Binomial Regression was used and it was found that quality of education and mother’s education are significant factors in sending girls to private school. Parent’s income and private school fee are positive significant factors in sending children to private schools and negative significant factor in sending children to public schools. The constructs like quality of education, confidence building, infrastructure and values are found to be insignificant

Determinants of Parental Choice for Public – Private Schooling of Children:A Study of Rawalpindi-Islamabad

This study aimed at analysing the factor of parental choice for public-private schools in the area of Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan. For this purpose 150 parents, having at least one child attending school, were approached. Dependent variables in the present study are number of child in private school, number of child in public school, number of girls in private school and number of boys in private school. Independent variables are parent’s income, parent’s education, private school fee, quality of education, confidence building, infrastructure and values. Negative Binomial Regression was used and it was found that quality of education and mother’s education are significant factors in sending girls to private school. Parent’s income and private school fee are positive significant factors in sending children to private schools and negative significant factor in sending children to public schools. The constructs like quality of education, confidence building, infrastructure and values are found to be insignificant

Effect Of Zinc And Ingredients Of Protein Supplement On Sperm Parameters And Male Reproductive Hormones- An RCT Study

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the protective effects of zinc against injury to sperm parameters and male reproductive hormones brought on by toxic protein supplement constituents. Methods: 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study, of which 10 were in Group 1 (given standard laboratory food), 10 were in Group 2, fed standard laboratory food nutritional supplement powder and 10 were in Group 3, fed standard laboratory food, nutritional supplement powder and zinc. Semen Analysis of Male Sprague Dawley rats of all 3 groups was evaluated after 8 weeks. Sperm parameters and serum levels of Male Reproductive Hormones were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. Results: There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in Mean ± SEM of sperm count millions /ml, sperm motility (%), and normal sperm morphology (%) in Group 2 rats when compared with Group 1. Zinc supplement in Group 3 caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in Mean ± SEM of sperm parameters including sperm count millions /ml, sperm motility (%) and normal sperm morphology (%) as compared to Group 2 rats. Mean ± SEM of serum level of testosterone Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone(LH) of Group 2 rats showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease when compared with Group 1 rats. However, the use of Zinc in Group 3 rats significantly (P<0.05) increased serum Testosterone, FSH, and LH levels when compared to Group 2. No significant difference was noted between serum levels of Testosterone, in Group 1 and Group 3. Serum levels of FSH and LH in Group 3 rats (484.81+ 78.17 ng/ml) were significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared to Group 1 rats. Conclusion: Regular addition of antioxidant Zinc with protein supplements has the potential to restore normal functions of the male reproductive system.

Management of Chili leaf curl disease (ChiLCD) through resistant germplasm and Nutrients in relation to Environmental Factors

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important commercial spicy crop grown in many regions across the world. Six chili varieties such as Zinia F1, Desi (Jalalpuri), Desi (Jalalpuri 2), Wonder Hot, Summer Queen F1, and Faisalabad Selection was evaluated against the most devastating and catastrophic Chili’s leaf curl disease caused by Begomovirus Chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). Out of all six varieties, Wonder Hot and Summer Queen F1 showed moderately resistant (MR) response whereas three varieties including Zinia F1, Desi (Jalalpuri) and Desi (Jalalpuri 2) had a moderately susceptible (MS) response, and only one variety namely Faisalabad Selection, expressed resistant (R) response. Four varieties; Desi (Jalalpuri), Desi (Jalalpuri 2), Zinia F1, and Wonder Hot, were used for management purposes with four micronutrients in combinations, namely T1 (ZnSO4 + CuSO4), T2 (MnSO4 + CuSO4), T3 (Boric Acid + CuSO4) and T4 (ZnSO4 + CuSO4 + MnSO4 + Boric Acid). When compared to control (58.14%), only T4 demonstrated minimum disease severity (11.63%). In the case of disease incidence, T4 gave the best results with minimum disease incidence (35.65%) as compared to control (92.59%). Treatments were able to decrease the disease progression even in the existing of favorable environmental factors.There was significant (p˂0.05) but positive correlation between wind speed and disease severity. Wind speed was highly correlated with the disease severity of variety Wonder Hot (r=0.91). We concluded that the application of micronutrient activate the plant defense system and at the same time suppress the vector populations

Factors Affecting Child Health: A Study of Rural Faisalabad

ABSTRACT In this paper an attempt is made to explore the effect of socio-cultural and democratic factors on the health of children. The study was conducted in rural tehsil Faisalabad, Pakistan. One hundred and twenty women of childbearing age 20 to 45 years with at least two living children under the age of 5 years were selected through systematic random sampling technique. A well structured questionnaire consisting of open-ended and close-ended questions was used for gathering information from the selected respondents. 84.2% of the respondents reported that their children are suffering from one or more of these diseases e.g. diarrhea, worm infestation, goiter, cholera and gastroenteritis and they also expressed about their poor health. Majority of the women were mal-nourished and anemic. The problems of antenatal and post-natal care were common in the selected area due to the unavailability and inaccessibility of the health care services along with traditional and dogmatic attitude towards the utilization of available limited health facilities. Delivery of baby under the supervision of untrained birth attendants at home was also responsible factor for high incidence of morbidity among children

Functional Foods and Human Health: An Overview

Functional food is a whole ingredient or a part of food that used as food for specific therapeutic purposes. It is divided into two wide categories: Conventional and modified functional foods. Conventional functional Foods are composed of natural or whole-food ingredients that provide functional substances while modified functional is food or food products in which add additional ingredients for specific health purposes. Plant-based food such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, cereals, nuts and beans contain vitamins, minerals, fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants and phenolic compounds that play a functional role in the human body against chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular and GIT-related disease. Some other foods or food products like juices, dairy products, fortified eggs and seafood are composed of functional components. Fish contain omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) that are played a functional role in heart health and brain development

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the breast

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of the breast is an infrequent soft tissue sarcoma that usually affects young to middle-aged women. Our case report describes a unique occurrence of DFSP of the breast in an adolescent girl, which was initially being managed as a keloid for 2 years under dermatology despite being refractory to treatment. Once the diagnosis of DFSP was confirmed through punch biopsy, our patient underwent surgical excision of the lesion under general anaesthesia. Our patient was at an increased risk of damage to the ductal system due to proximity of the lesion to the nipple-areolar complex, warranting the need for early recognition and treatment. As demonstrated by our case, DFSP of the breast can be difficult to diagnose since it resembles a range of benign and malignant pathologies of the breast