Impacto del estudio microbiológico en la neumonía comunitaria grave.

TESIS DOCTORALIMPACTO DEL ESTUDIO MICROBIOLOGICO EN LA NEUMONÍA COMUNITARIA GRAVEMaría Bodí SaeraOBJETIVO DE LA TESISEsta Tesis va dirigida a valorar el impacto que tiene el estudio microbiológico en las decisiones terepéuticas y en la evolución de la neumonía comunitaria grave.MATERIAL Y METODOSSe trata de un análisis retrospectivo de los datos recogidos de forma prospectiva.Se realiza en dos Servicios de Cuidados Intensivos españoles. Se analizan todos los casos de neumonía comunitaria grave en un periodo de siete años.RESULTADOSEntran en el análisis 204 casos de neumonía comunitaria grave. Ciento seis pacientes requirieron intubación orotraqueal y ventilación mecánica convencional; 81 precisaron ventilación mecánica no invasiva y 17 no requirieron soporte ventilatorio.Se estableció el diagnóstico microbiológico en el 57,3% de los casos. Los microorganismos responsables de la neumonía más frecuentes fueron Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila y Haemophilus influenzae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6,6% vs 1,0%, p < 0,05) y Legionella pneumophila (15,1% vs 7,1%, p < 0,05) fueron aisladas con mayor frecuencia en el grupo de pacientes intubados.La mortalidad global del grupo fue del 23,5% (44,3% en el subgrupo de pacientes intubados). Los microorganismos que más frecuentemente se hallaron como responsables de los casos de muerte fuero: Streptococcus pneumoniae (7 casos), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), Legionella pneumophila (5).El diagnóstico microbiológico guió los cambios realizados en el tratamiento antibiótico inicial en el 41,6% de los pacientes, incluyendo 11 (5%) en los que el tratamiento antibiótico empírico no era activo frente al microorganismo aislado. La causa más frecuente de cambio de antibiótico fue la simplificación del mismo en 65 episodios de neumonStudy objectives: The study documents the impact of microbiologic investigations on therapeutic decisions and outcome in severe CAP. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.Setting: ICUs in two teaching Spanish hospitals.Patients: Two hundred and four consecutive patients admitted to intensive care with severe CAP. Interventions: None.Measurements and Results: One hundred and six patients required intubation, while 98 other did not (81 of these patients having been managed with noninvasive mechanical ventilation). The microbiologic diagnosis was established in 57.3% of patients. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Haemophilus influenzae. Pseudomonas (6.6.% vs 1.0%, p<0.05) and Legionella (15.1% vs. 7.1%, p<0.05) were more frequently documented in intubated patients. Overall mortality was 23.5% (44.3% in intubated patients), with Streptococcus pneumoniae (7 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), and Legionella pneumophila (5) being the most common lethal pathogens. Bacteriological investigation led to changes in antibiotic prescription in 41.6% of patients, including 11 (5%) in whom initial treatment was ineffective against the microbial isolates. The most frequent reason for changes was simplification of therapy in 65 (31.8%) episodes. Conclusions: We conclude that microbiological testing is fully justified in patients with SCAP, because identifying the causative and adjusting treatment bear impact on patient outcome. Our findings suggested that intubated patients should be empirically treated for Pseudomonas and Legionella while awaiting bacteriology results

Varying association of laboratory values with reference ranges and outcomes in critically ill patients: An analysis of data from five databases in four countries across Asia, Europe and North America

Background Despite wide usage across all areas of medicine, it is uncertain how useful standard reference ranges of laboratory values are for critically ill patients. Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the distributions of standard laboratory measurements in more than 330 selected intensive care units (ICUs) across the USA, Amsterdam, Beijing and Tarragona; compare differences and similarities across different geographical locations and evaluate how they may be associated with differences in length of stay (LOS) and mortality in the ICU. Methods A multi-centre, retrospective, cross-sectional study of data from five databases for adult patients first admitted to an ICU between 2001 and 2019 was conducted. The included databases contained patient-level data regarding demographics, interventions, clinical outcomes and laboratory results. Kernel density estimation functions were applied to the distributions of laboratory tests, and the overlapping coefficient and Cohen standardised mean difference were used to quantify differences in these distributions. Results The 259 382 patients studied across five databases in four countries showed a high degree of heterogeneity with regard to demographics, case mix, interventions and outcomes. A high level of divergence in the studied laboratory results (creatinine, haemoglobin, lactate, sodium) from the locally used reference ranges was observed, even when stratified by outcome. Conclusion Standardised reference ranges have limited relevance to ICU patients across a range of geographies. The development of context-specific reference ranges, especially as it relates to clinical outcomes like LOS and mortality, may be more useful to clinicians

Varying association of laboratory values with reference ranges and outcomes in critically ill patients: an analysis of data from five databases in four countries across Asia, Europe and North America

Background Despite wide usage across all areas of medicine, it is uncertain how useful standard reference ranges of laboratory values are for critically ill patients. Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the distributions of standard laboratory measurements in more than 330 selected intensive care units (ICUs) across the USA, Amsterdam, Beijing and Tarragona; compare differences and similarities across different geographical locations and evaluate how they may be associated with differences in length of stay (LOS) and mortality in the ICU. Methods A multi-centre, retrospective, cross-sectional study of data from five databases for adult patients first admitted to an ICU between 2001 and 2019 was conducted. The included databases contained patient-level data regarding demographics, interventions, clinical outcomes and laboratory results. Kernel density estimation functions were applied to the distributions of laboratory tests, and the overlapping coefficient and Cohen standardised mean difference were used to quantify differences in these distributions. Results The 259 382 patients studied across five databases in four countries showed a high degree of heterogeneity with regard to demographics, case mix, interventions and outcomes. A high level of divergence in the studied laboratory results (creatinine, haemoglobin, lactate, sodium) from the locally used reference ranges was observed, even when stratified by outcome. Conclusion Standardised reference ranges have limited relevance to ICU patients across a range of geographies. The development of context-specific reference ranges, especially as it relates to clinical outcomes like LOS and mortality, may be more useful to clinicians