Effective Turning Motion Control of Internally Actuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

This paper presents a novel roll mechanism and an efficient control strategy for internally actuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The developed control algorithms are tested on Michigan Tech’s custom research glider, ROUGHIE (Research Oriented Underwater Glider for Hands-on Investigative Engineering), in a controlled environment. The ROUGHIE’s design parameters and operational constraints were driven by its requirement to be man portable, expandable, and maneuverable in shallow water. As an underwater glider, the ROUGHIE is underactuated with direct control of only depth, pitch, and roll. A switching control method is implemented on the ROUGHIE to improve its maneuverability, enabling smooth transitions between different motion patterns. This approach uses multiple feedforward-feedback controllers. Different aspects of the roll mechanism and the effectiveness of the controller on turning motion are discussed based on experimental results. The results illustrate that the ROUGHIE is capable of achieving tight turns with a radius of 2.4 meters in less than 3 meters of water, or one order of magnitude improvement on existing internally actuated platforms. The developed roll mechanism is not specific to underwater gliders and is applicable to all AUVs, especially at lower speeds and in shallower water when external rudder is less effective in maneuvering the vehicle

GUPPIE, underwater 3D printed robot a game changer in control design education

This paper presents innovative strategies to teach control and robotic concepts. These strategies include: 1) a real world focus on social/environmental contexts that are meaningful and “make a difference”; 2) continuous design potential and engagement through use of a platform that integrates design with engineering; 3) mission-based versus application-based approaches, where meaningful application justifies the process; and 4) hands-on, inquiry-based problem-solving. For this purpose a Glider for Underwater Problem-solving and Promotion of Interest in Engineering or “GUPPIE” platform and its simulator were utilized. GUPPIE is easy and inexpensive to manufacture, with readily available lightweight and durable components. It is also modular to accommodate a variety of learning activities. This paper describes how GUPPIE and its interdisciplinary nature was used as a pedagogical platform for teaching core control concepts for different age groups. The activities are designed to attract the interest of students as early as middle school and sustain their interest through college. The game changing aspect of this approach is scaffolded learning and the fact that the students will work with the same platform while progressing through the concepts

Learning autonomous systems - An interdisciplinary project-based experience

© 2017 IEEE. With the increased influence of automation into every part of our lives, tomorrow\u27s engineers must be capable working with autonomous systems. The explosion of automation and robotics has created a need for a massive increase in engineers who possess the skills necessary to work with twenty-first century systems. Autonomous Systems (MEEM4707) is a new senior/graduate level elective course with goals of: 1) preparing the next generation of skilled engineers, 2) creating new opportunities for learning and well informed career choices, 3) increasing confidence in career options upon graduation, and 4) connecting academic research to the students world. Presented in this paper is the developed curricula, key concepts of the project-based approach, and resources for other educators to implement a similar course at their institution. In the course, we cover the fundamentals of autonomous robots in a hands-on manner through the use of a low-cost mobile robot. Each student builds and programs their own robot, culminating in operation of their autonomous mobile robot in a miniature city environment. The concepts covered in the course are scalable from middle school through graduate school. Evaluation of student learning is completed using pre/post surveys, student progress in the laboratory environment, and conceptual examinations

Effective Turning Motion Control of Internally Actuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

© 2017, The Author(s). This paper presents a novel roll mechanism and an efficient control strategy for internally actuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The developed control algorithms are tested on Michigan Tech’s custom research glider, ROUGHIE (Research Oriented Underwater Glider for Hands-on Investigative Engineering), in a controlled environment. The ROUGHIE’s design parameters and operational constraints were driven by its requirement to be man portable, expandable, and maneuverable in shallow water. As an underwater glider, the ROUGHIE is underactuated with direct control of only depth, pitch, and roll. A switching control method is implemented on the ROUGHIE to improve its maneuverability, enabling smooth transitions between different motion patterns. This approach uses multiple feedforward-feedback controllers. Different aspects of the roll mechanism and the effectiveness of the controller on turning motion are discussed based on experimental results. The results illustrate that the ROUGHIE is capable of achieving tight turns with a radius of 2.4 meters in less than 3 meters of water, or one order of magnitude improvement on existing internally actuated platforms. The developed roll mechanism is not specific to underwater gliders and is applicable to all AUVs, especially at lower speeds and in shallower water when external rudder is less effective in maneuvering the vehicle

Robotics education to and through college

Robotics education has made great strides to enable the next generation of engineers and workers with early education and outreach. This early education effort is able to engage students and promote interest, however an integrated pathway to and through college is needed. This pathway needs to build upon early experiences with opportunities to advance across age groups. This paper presents the authors experience developing robotics curriculum across age groups. Middle and high school education has been implemented in a summer camp environment utilizing two co-robotic platforms, a water sensing robot called GUPPIE and an assistive robot named Neu-pulator, engaging 201 total students between Summer 2014–2017. The university course is a senior level technical elective introducing autonomous systems through a mobile robotic platform, a smart car, with 72 total students in Spring 2017 and 2018. In this work, the survey results gathered from Summer 2017 pre-college and Spring 2018 college level activities are presented. Overall observations and lessons learned across age groups are also discussed to better create a pathway from young learners to practicing engineers. The key to success of robotics programs at any age are hands-on, exciting activities with sufficient expert support so that students are able to learn in a frustration free environment

Highly Maneuverable Low-Cost Underwater Glider: Design and Development

© 2016 IEEE. This letter presents the design and potential impact of the developed Research Oriented Underwater Glider for Hands-on Investigative Engineering (ROUGHIE). The ROUGHIE is an open-source, highly maneuverable, and low-cost vehicle that enables rapid development and testing of new hardware and software. ROUGHIE is an internally actuated glider capable of performing steady sawtooth glides in shallow water down to 3 m, tight turns with a minimum radius of 3 m, and a minimum endurance of 60 h. The novelty of this study is twofold: 1) a rail-based design to facilitate modularity and ease of assembly and 2) an effective internal rotary mass mechanism to increase maneuverability and perform tight turns. The ROUGHIE design strategically uses 3D printed plastic parts in low stress situations, which allows extreme design flexibility and enables tightly packed modules that can be easily customized

A novel roll mechanism to increase maneuverability of autonomous underwater vehicles in shallow water

© 2016 IEEE. This paper presents a novel roll mechanism and an efficient control strategy for the roll and pitch of internally actuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) including most underwater gliders (UGs). The proposed design and approach increases maneuverability which is essential for operating in shallow water or crowded harbors. The design is implemented on Michigan Tech\u27s research UG ROUGHIE (Research Oriented Underwater Glider for Hands-on Investigative Engineering) and the performance is validated. The experimental results demonstrate that ROUGHIE is capable of tight turn radii down to approximately twice the vehicle length in shallow water

A multi-level motion controller for low-cost Underwater Gliders

An underwater glider named ROUGHIE (Research Oriented Underwater Glider for Hands-on Investigative Engineering) is designed and manufactured to provide a test platform and framework for experimental underwater automation. This paper presents an efficient multi-level motion controller that can be used to enhance underwater glider control systems or easily modified for additional sensing, computing, or other requirements for advanced automation design testing. The ultimate goal is to have a fleet of modular and inexpensive test platforms for addressing the issues that currently limit the use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Producing a low-cost vehicle with maneuvering capabilities and a straightforward expansion path will permit easy experimentation and testing of different approaches to improve underwater automation

GUPPIE program - A hands-on STEM learning experience for middle school students

© 2017 IEEE. This paper describes the details of a theme-based and hands-on STEM learning program utilizing an underwater robot called GUPPIE. Glider for Underwater Problem-solving and Promotion of Interest in Engineering (GUPPIE) is an example of a robot with oceanographic and environmental monitoring application. GUPPIE helps students to learn about fundamentals of physics (buoyancy, gravity, drag and lift force), electronics (circuitry and power distribution), programming, building (using tools and assembly), and testing in a systematic way. In this work we analyse the effects of the hands-on activities with meaningful context on students\u27 1) confidence level; 2) attitude towards robotics; 3) and level of interest towards STEM careers. The survey results suggest that using robots with sensible real world applications improves young students\u27 attitudes and interests towards robotics. Based on these results, introducing young students to topics that are not part of official school curriculum, such as programming, increases the excitement and confidence in early ages, especially for girls, and can result in pursuing STEM related subjects in higher education. Results also revealed that girls are more interested in building while boys are more attracted to programming

A human-interactive robotic program for middle school STEM education

© 2017 IEEE. The use of human-interactive robots in industry and daily life has become more prevalent throughout society as more people are using collaborative, and assistive robots to accomplish a task. To demonstrate the utility and importance of assistive robots to middle school students, a unique educational platform called Neu-pulator (neurally-controlled manipulator) was designed and fabricated to introduce their application in improving the quality of life. This robotic manipulator consists of low-cost components, which reflect the characteristics of a human arm, and is actuated by signals from the students neuromuscular system. During summer 2016, a 5-day program introduced students to the engineering design process as they designed, programmed, manufactured, and tested the Neu-pulator robot. A series of surveys and group interviews were performed to understand how each students attitude and opinion towards different STEM-related topics evolved throughout the course, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We observed that the students confidence, attitude, and excitement towards STEM improved over the course of the week, especially when they could see the robot they developed in action. With the use of this unique educational platform, a bridge can be made from learning fundamental STEM concepts to real-world application of human interactive and assistive robots