Procjena metabolizma visokomliječnih holštajnskih krava nakon intravenske primjene bolusa glukoze.

Providing energy demands with emphasis on glucose supply can prevent metabolic disorders in high producing dairy cows. Hence, we hypothesized that bolus intravenous glucose administration may change the concentrations of circulating metabolic biomarkers in order to prevent and control metabolic dysfunctions in dairy cows. Twenty-five multiparous, high producing Holstein dairy cows were divided into 5 equal groups containing early, mid and late lactation, and far-off and close-up dry cows. All cows received dextrose 50 % intravenously at 500 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg/hour. Blood samples were collected from all animals prior to and 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after dextrose 50 % infusion, and sera were separated to determine glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid, β-hydroxybutyric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, high, low and very low density lipoproteins. Significantly decreasing patterns of non-esterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid were seen in early and mid-lactation and close-up dry cows after glucose administration (P0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that bolus intravenous glucose infusion can influence metabolism in high producing Holstein dairy cows. The changing patterns of circulating metabolic profi le indicated that glucose is an important direct controller of metabolic interactions and responses in dairy cows in various physiological states.Zadovoljenje potreba za energijom, s posebnim naglaskom na opskrbu glukozom, može spriječiti metaboličke poremećaje kod visokomliječnih krava. Stoga se pretpostavlja da intravenska primjena bolusa glukoze može mijenjati koncentracije cirkulirajućih metaboličkih biomarkera s ciljem sprječavanja i kontrole metaboličkih poremećaja u mliječnih krava. Dvadeset pet visokomliječnih krava holštajnske pasmine, višerotki, podijeljeno je u 5 jednakih skupina prema ranoj, srednjoj i kasnoj laktaciji te prema vremenu (kratko ili dugo) do zasušenja. Sve krave su primile 50 %-tnu dekstrozu, intravenski 500 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg/sat. Uzorci krvi prikupljeni su od svih životinja prije, zatim 1, 2, 3 i 4 sata nakon infuzije 50 %-tne dekstroze. U serumu su određene koncentracije glukoze, inzulina, neesterificiranih masnih kiselina, β-hidroksimaslačne kiseline, kolesterola, triglicerida, te lipoproteina visoke, niske i vrlo niske gustoće. Signifikantno (P0,05) promjene u lipidnom profilu. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da intravenska infuzija bolusa glukoze može utjecati na metabolizam visokoproizvodnih krava holštajnske pasmine. Promjenjljivost profila cirkulirajućih metabolita ukazuje da je glukoza važan izravan upravljač metaboličkih interakcija, te da je odgovorna za različita fiziološka stanja u mliječnih krava

Comparative cervical cytology and conception rate in postpartum dairy cows

During the early postpartum period, multiple bacterial species invade the uterus of cows. Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear cells is a primary mechanism involved in the elimination of bacteria and improvement of conception rate. Therefore, a relationship could exist between endometrial cytology and conception rate of postpartum dairy cows. In this study 50 postpartum healthy Holstein Frisian dairy cows were selected. They had a normal parturition history and had no mucopurulent discharge from vulva or abnormality in rectal palpation. Cervical mucosal discharge was collected from all cows on days 25 to 30 and 55 to 60 postpartum. Blood progesterone levels were determined in all cows by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Differential cellular counts were carried out from a Giemsa-stained smear of the mucosa. Data were analyzed by Independent T test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan’s multiple range tests. There was no significant difference between cell percentages at different times or in number of postpartum artificial inseminations (P≥0.05). However, when cows were divided into two groups to progesterone above 1 ng/mL and below 1 ng/mL, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between neutrophil percentages at different times after parturition and artificial insemination number (1 and 2 or 3). The result of this study showed that cytological evaluation of cervical smear is helpful for diagnosis and treatment of subclinical endometritis and prognosis of postpartum fertility

Utjecaj stresa pri prijevozu na kortizol, hormone štitnjače i neke biokemijske pokazatelje u serumu iranske kašmirske (Raini) koze.

In this study the effect of transportation stress on serum concentrations of cortisol, thyroid hormones, β-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids, glucose and plasma total protein in Iranian cashmere (Raini) goats were evaluated. On the first day, blood samples from 10 Raini goats (5 males and 5 non-lactating nonpregnant females) were collected at 8 A.M. (T1), and after 3h food and water deprivation (T2). On the second day, samples were collected at 8 A.M. (T3), and after 3h transport (T4). Final blood sample was taken 24 h after transport ended (T5). Food and water deprivation caused a significant decrement in serum cortisol, and a significant increase between T2 and T3 was evident. Transportation caused a significant increase in serum cortisol, and the increase continued until T5. Serum T3 showed a marginally significant decrease due to the food and water deprivation. Serum T4 and NEFA significantly increased between T2 and T3. No significant change in serum concentrations of glucose, fT3, fT4, T3/T4 ratio and BHBA in different samplings was observed. The current study showed that short road transport had a significant effect on some stress biomarkers in cashmere goats, however, it takes a longer time before hormonal control of metabolism can be affected.U iranskih kašmirskih (Raini) koza istražen je učinak stresa pri prijevozu na koncentraciju kortizola u serumu, hormone štitnjače, β-hidroksibutirat, neesterificirane masne kiseline, glukozu i ukupne bjelančevine plazme. Prvi dan, u 8,00 sati (T1), uzeti su uzorci krvi od 10 Raini koza (5 mužjaka i 5 ženki koje nisu bile u laktaciji ni gravidne). Uzorci krvi ponovno su uzeti tri sata (T2) nakon što je kozama bila uskraćena hrana i voda. Drugog dana uzorci su prikupljeni u 8,00 sati (T3), te nakon 3 sata prijevoza (T4). Konačni uzorak krvi uzet je 24 sata nakon što je prijevoz završio (T5). Kortizol u serumu nakon uskraćivanja hrane i vode bio je značajno snižen, a između T2 i T3 značajno povišen. Prijevoz je uzrokovao značajan porast kortizola u serumu što je nastavljeno do T5. T3 u serumu je pokazao granično značajan pad zbog uskraćivanja hrane i vode. T4 i NEFA u serumu bili su značajno povećani između T2 i T3. U različitim uzorcima nisu utvrđene značajne promjene u serumskim koncentracijama glukoze, fT3, fT4, omjeru T3/T4 i BHBA. Istraživanje je pokazalo da kratki cestovni prijevoz ima značajan učinak na neke biomarkere stresa u kašmirskih koza, međutim, za utjecaj na hormonsku kontrolu metabolizma potrebno je duže vremensko razdoblje

Vrednovanje međusobnog djelovanja oksidant-antioksidant u krvi golubova prirodno zaraženih vrstom Haemoproteus columbae.

Haemoproteus columbae is a haemosporidian parasite that infects pigeons throughout the world. The present study was designed to elucidate more aspects of the antioxidant defense of the body against haemoparasite infections in pigeons. A total of 46 indigenous pigeons naturally infected with H. columbae were selected and subdivided into three subgroups based on their parasitemia rates (<1 %, 1-3 %, 3-5 %). 24 non-infected birds were also used as controls. Blood samples from both groups were taken, and haematological parameters were measured. Although our data demonstrated significant decreases in the red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin values of the infected animals (P<0.05), no remarkable changes were observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase), the level of malondiadehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation, serum levels of lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL) and serum concentrations of antioxidant trace elements (copper, iron, zinc, manganese and selenium) and vitamins (A, E and C) in infected groups compared to controls. These findings show that anaemia may occur as a result of the infection with H. columbae in pigeons. In addition, the unchanged levels of different antioxidant agents, lipid peroxidation index (MDA) and the main lipid components of serum during the infection, may implicitly suggest that the parasite probably cannot induce significant effects on the antioxidant mechanisms protecting erythrocytes against oxidative agents. Also, oxidative shock may not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the parasite in pigeons infected with H. columbae. Further studies to clarify the exact mechanism(s) of anaemia in this haemoparasitic infection need to be carried out.Haemoproteus columbae jest hemosporidij koji napada golubove diljem svijeta. Ovo istraživanje poduzeto je u namjeri da se s više gledišta rasvijetli antioksidacijska obrana organizma od hemoparazitskih infekcija u golubova. Ukupno je bilo odabrano 46 autohtonih golubova prirodno invadiranih vrstom H. columbae te podijeljeno u tri podskupine na osnovi stupnja njihove parazitemije (<1%, 1-3%, 3-5%). Kao kontrola poslužile su 24 neinficirane ptice. Uzeti su uzorci krvi od obiju skupina te su određeni hematološki pokazatelji. Iako su rezultati pokazali značajno smanjenje broja crvenih krvnih stanica, vrijednosti hematokrita i hemoglobina u invadiranih životinja (P<0,05), nisu ipak zapažene značajne promjene u aktivnostima antioksidacijskih enzima (uključujući superperoksidnu dismutazu, glutationsku peroksidazu i katalazu), razine malondialdehida (MDA) kao pokazatelja lipidne peroksidacije, razine lipida u serumu (kolesterola, triglicerida, HDL i LDL) i serumskih koncentracija antioksidacijskih elemenata u tragovima (bakra, željeza, cinka, mangana i selena) te vitamina (A, E i C) u uzorcima seruma invadiranih skupina u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Ti nalazi pokazuju da se anemija može javiti kao rezultat invazije vrstom H. columbae u golubova. Povrh toga, nepromijenjene razine različitih antioksidacijskih tvari, indeks lipidne peroksidacije i sadržaj glavnih lipida u serumu tijekom invazije može značiti da parazit vjerojatno ne može potaknuti značajne učinke na antioksidacijske mehanizme koji bi zaštitili eritrocite od oksidacijskih tvari. Također, oksidacijski šok nema značajnu ulogu u patogenezi invazije vrstom H. columbae u golubova. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja za točno rasvjetljavanje mehanizama nastanka anemije kod hemoparazitskih invazija

Serumski srčani troponin I kao biljeg srčane degeneracije uzrokovane pokusnim trovanjem ovaca salinomicinom.

Salinomycin is an ionophore with antimicrobial properties. It is a dietary additive used as a growth promoter for ruminants and as a coccidiostat in chickens. However, over-dosage or misuse situations can lead to a series of toxic syndromes. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the part of the troponin complex (I, C and T) within the sarcomere in myocardial cells that regulates contraction of the heart muscle. cTnI is released from injured myocardiocytes into circulation, so it can be a specifific biomarker in myocardial necrosis. The purpose of this study is to propose cTnI for diagnostic cardiac degeneration induced by experimental toxicosis with salinomycin in sheep. Twenty Iranian mixed breed adult female fat-tailed sheep (BW: 33.3 ± 3.4 kg) were used in this study. The sheep were randomly divided in to five equal groups. Group I (control) received 20 mL normal Saline. Groups II, III, IV and V were orally administered 1 mg/kg (twice a day for two days), 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg (once a day for two days) salinomycin, respectively. Following drug administration, blood samples were collected at different time intervals (2, 5, 8, 14 and 21 days) in order to determine various biochemical parameters (cTnI, CK, LDH, ALT and AST). In all groups, the heart sounds of the animals were carefully heard and electrocardiogram (ECG) was taken to determine the type of probable arrhythmia. The results illustrated a significant increase in the activity of cTnI. Numerous arrhythmias were recorded, such as: sinus tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia and supraventricular premature contraction. All animals with arrhythmias showed a significant increase in the activity of cTnI. Cardiac muscle necrosis observed macroscopically on post mortem examination revealed myocardial degeneration. Overall, the results of this study indicate that cTnI may be considered as a valuable biomarker in diagnosing cardiac degeneration due to salinomycin toxicosis.Salinomicin je ionofor s antimikrobnim svojstvima. Rabi se kao dodatak hrani koji u preživača ima ulogu promotora rasta, a u pilića ulogu kokcidiostatika. Prevelike količine i pogrešna uporaba salinomicina mogu dovesti do teških sindroma trovanja. Srčani troponin I (cTnI) je dio troponinskog kompleksa (I, C i T), unutar sarkomere srčanih mišićnih stanica, koji regulira kontrakcije srčanog mišića. Budući da se oslobađa iz oštećenih miokardiocita u krvotok, cTnI može biti specifičan biomarker kod nekroze srčanog mišića. Svrha istraživanja bila je predložiti da se cTnI primjeni u dijagnostici srčane degeneracije uzrokovane pokusnim trovanjem ovaca salinomicinom. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 20 odraslih, masnorepih ovaca, križanki iranskih pasmina (TM: 33,3 ± 3,4 kg). Ovce su metodom slučajnog izbora bile podijeljene u pet skupina iste veličine. Skupina I (kontrola) dobila je 20 mL otopine soli. Skupine II, III, IV i V dobile su oralnim putem salinomicin i to u količini od 1 mg/kg (dva puta dnevno kroz dva dana), odnosno 2, 3 i 4 mg/kg (jednom dnevno kroz dva dana). Odmah nakon toga uzimani su uzorci krvi u različitim vremenskim razmacima (2, 5, 8, 14 i 21 dana) s ciljem određivanja različitih biokemijskih pokazatelja (cTnI, CK, LDH, ALT i AST). U svim skupinama pažljivo su osluškivani srčani tonovi i određivan elektrokardiogram s ciljem otkrivanja tipa moguće srčane aritmije. Rezultati pokazuju značajno povećanje aktivnosti cTnI. Zabilježene su i mnoge aritmije kao što su sinusna tahikardija, supraventrikularna tahikardija, sinusna aritmija i supraventrikularna preuranjena kontrakcija. Sve su životinje uz aritmiju očitovale i značajno povećanje aktivnosti cTnI. Razudbom nakon uginuća makroskopski je opažena nekroza i degeneracija srčanog mišića. Zaključno, rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da cTnI može biti vrijedan biomarker u dijagnostici srčane degeneracije prouzročene trovanjem salinomicinom

Kokcidioza koza: učinci pokusne infekcije na određene krvne pokazatelje.

The objective of this experiment was to elucidate the aspects of differential circulatory cell responses during experimental coccidiosis in goat. A total of twenty newborn kids were selected; ten of them were infected with sporulated oocysts of the most pathogenic species of Eimeria and the remainder served as control. Blood samples were taken at 0 (before inoculation), 3, 7, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28 and 35 days post infection (dpi) and some hematological and fecal related parameters were measured. According to our data, except for a significant decrease at 24 dpi, packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations evidenced no substantial changes in the infected kids compared to controls. The percentage of the circulatory neutrophils showed remarkable increases from 7 to 24 dpi. Unlike neutrophils, the level of lymphocytes represented marked decreases from 7 to 24 dpi. In addition, circulatory eosinophils evidenced no statistical changes during the infection; however monocytes revealed a significant elevation only at 17 and 24 dpi. Substantial activations of neutrophils and lymphocytes indicate that these cells have key roles in either preventing or establishing primary infections with Eimeria in goats.Cilj pokusa bio je rasvijetliti različite odgovore stanica u krvnom optjecaju tijekom pokusno uzrokovane kokcidioze u koza. U pokus je bilo uključeno 20 novoojarene jaradi od čega je 10 bilo zaraženo sporuliranim oocistama najpatogenije vrste roda Eimeria, a ostalih 10 su poslužili za kontrolu. Uzorci njihove krvi bili su uzeti 0. (prije zaražavanja), 3., 7., 14., 17., 21., 24., 28. i 35. dana nakon zaražavanja te su bili pretraženi na neke hematološke pokazatelje. Parazitološki su bili pretraženi i uzorci izmeta. Vrijednosti hematokrita i koncentracije hemoglobina nisu pokazivale bitne promjene u zaraženih u odnosu na kontrolne životinje, osim značajnog smanjenja 24. dana nakon infekcije. Postotak optjecajnih neutrofila bio je značajno povećan od 7. do 24. dana nakon infekcije. Za razliku od neutrofila, razina limfocita bila je znantno smanjena od 7. do 24. dana poslije infekcije. Povrh toga, statistički značajne promjene ustanovljene su u broju optjecajnih eozinofila dok je broj monocita bio značajno povišen 17. i 24. dana nakon infekcije. Znatna aktivacija neutrofila i limfocita upućuju na zaključak da te stanice imaju ključnu ulogu u sprječavanju primarne infekcije kokcidijama roda Eimeria u koza

Dijagnostičke vrijednosti proteina akutne faze u iranskoga domaćega goveda invadiranoga praživotinjom Theileria annulata

This study was conducted to assess the pattern of changes and the relative value of acute phase proteins (APP) including haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin and fi brinogen in Iranian indigenous cattle infected with Theileria annulata. The diseased group comprised 24 Iranian indigenous dairy cattle, 2-3 years old, naturally infected with Theileria annulata. The infected animals were divided into 4 subgroups with different parasitemia rates (<1% and 1-3%). As a control group, 10 uninfected cattle were also sampled. Blood samples were collected and all measurements were made using validated methods. There were significant differences in red blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and concentrations of Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen between healthy cattle and those infected with T. annulata with different parasitemia rates (P<0.05). As the parasitemia rate increased in infected cattle, a signifi cant decrease was observed in RBCs, PCV and Hb. In contrast, with the increase in the parasitemia rate, a significant increase in Hp, SAA, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen was evident. The optimal cut-off point was set by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method to >5.68 μg/mL for SAA, >0.09 g/L for Hp, >0.049 g/L for ceruloplasmin and >1.90 g/L for fibrinogen, with corresponding 71.50% sensitivity and 100% specificity for SAA, 83.30% sensitivity and 70% specificity for Hp, 50% sensitivity and 90% specificity for ceruloplasmin and 71.30% sensitivity and 80% specificity for fi brinogen. In conclusion, measuring SAA with the highest sensitivity, specificity and AUC compared to other APPs, can be a suitable indicator of inflammatory reactions in indigenous cattle infected with Theileria annulata.Istraživanje je provedeno s potrebom da se utvrdi dinamika promjena i relativne vrijednosti proteina akutne faze, uključujući haptoglobin (Hp), serumski amiloid A, ceruloplazmin i fibrinogen, u iranskoga domaćega goveda invadiranoga praživotinjom Theileria annulata. Skupina pokusnih životinja sadržavala je ukupno 24 iranska domaća mliječna goveda u dobi od dvije do tri godine invadirana praživotinjom Theileria annulata. Invadirane životinje bile su podijeljene u četiri podskupine s obzirom na različite razine parazitemije (5,68 μg/mL za serumski amiloid A, >0,09 za haptoglobin, >0,049 g/L za ceruloplazmin i >1,90 g/L za fibrinogen. Za serumski je amiloid osjetljivost iznosila 71,50% dok je specifičnost bila 100%. Osjetljivost je za haptoglobin iznosila 83,30% dok je specifičnost iznosila 70%. Za ceruloplazmin je osjetljivost iznosila 50%, a specifičnost 90%. Za fibrinogen je osjetljivost iznosila 71,30% dok je specifičnost iznosila 80%. Zaključno se može reći da mjerenje vrijednosti serumskoga amiloida A može biti prikladan pokazatelj upale uzrokovane praživotinjom Theileria annulata jer se u odnosu na ostale proteine akutne faze odlikuje najvišom razinom osjetljivosti, specifičnosti i AUC

Molekularna karakterizacija i otpornost na antibiotike bakterije Clostridium perfringens izolirane iz trupova goveda i ovaca u klaonicama Shiraza u južnom Iranu

Clostridium perfringens type A food-borne poisoning is often caused by C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) encoded by chromosomal cpe. Contamination of meat with C. perfringens usually leads to food poisoning outbreaks. To find more information regarding the causative agent, we focused on the identification of type A containing cpe and netB genes in cattle and sheep carcasses slaughtered at Shiraz slaughterhouse and investigated the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant plasmid in isolated C. perfringens. 200 specimens were randomly collected by swabbing the whole outer and inner surface of the carcasses, and processed for selective culture on sulfadiazine polymyxin sulphate agar (SPS). The suspected colonies were further identified using species-specific primers as to confirm the presence of the cpa, cpe, netB and tetracycline and enrofloxacin gene resistance patterns. Our results demonstrated that out of 90 and 70 colonies of the positive cultures from cattle and sheep samples, respectively, 40% and 35.7% of the suspected colonies were identified as C. perfringens type A by PCR assay. Moreover, from those type A isolates, only 1 (2.7%) isolate was positive for both cpe and netB genes in the cattle carcasses. The MIC values also showed high tetracycline resistance patterns for cattle (45.8%) and sheep (92.3%) while all of the PCR positive C. perfringens type A isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin. The high prevalence of C. perfringens in slaughtered animals with a high rate of resistance to tetracycline implies the need for caution in the use of antibiotic in food animals.Trovanje hranom uzrokovano bakterijom Clostridium perfringens tipa A često uzrokuje C. perfringens enterotoksin (CPE), kodiran kromosomskim cpe. Kontaminacija mesa s C. perfringens obično uzrokuje otrovanje hranom. Da bismo doznali više informacija o uzročniku, iz trupova goveda i ovaca zaklanih u klaonicama Shiraza, identificirali smo tip A koji sadržava gene cpe i netB. Osim toga, u izoliranim bakterijama C. perfringens utvrdili smo prevalenciju plazmida rezistentnih na antibiotike. Obriskom cijele vanjske i unutarnje površine nasumično odabranih trupova, prikupljeno je 200 uzoraka koji su obrađeni selektivnom kulturom na sulfadiazin-polimiksin sulfatnom agaru (SPS). Sumnjive kolonije dodatno su identificirane primjenom specifičnih početnica kako bi se potvrdila prisutnost gena cpa, cpe, netB te gena za otpornost na tetraciklin i enrofloksacin. Naši su rezultati pokazali da je PCR analizom od 90, odnosno 70 kolonija pozitivnih kultura iz uzoraka goveda i ovaca, njih 40 %, odnosno 35,7 % identificirano kao C. perfringens tipa A. Štoviše, iz izolata tipa A dobivenih od goveđih trupova, samo je jedan izolat (2,7 %) bio pozitivan i za gene cpe i za netB. MIC vrijednosti također su pokazale visoku razinu otpornosti na tetracikline kod goveda (45,8 %) i ovaca (92,3 %), dok su svi PCR pozitivni na C. perfringens tipa A bili osjetljivi na enrofloksacin. Visoka prevalencija bakterije C. perfringens kod zaklanih životinja zajedno s visokom stopom otpornosti na tetraciklin upućuje na potrebu za oprezom u primjeni antibiotika kod životinja koje služe za ljudsku hranu

Serumski lipidi i lipoproteini i njihov odnos prema hormonima štitnjače u klinički zdravih koza.

Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 162 Iranian male goats of different age groups (5 years). Variations in the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipids, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL-cholesterol), low density lipoproteins (LDL-cholesterol) and high density lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol) and their correlation with the concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were investigated. The concentrations of triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, T4 and T3 in the different age groups were significantly different (P5 godina). Istražene su promjene u koncentraciji serumskog kolesterola, triglicerida, ukupnih lipida, kolesterola vrlo niske gustoće, kolesterola niske gustoće, kolesterola visoke gustoće, kao i njihov odnos prema koncentraciji trijodtironina (T3) i tiroksina (T4). Koncentracija triglicerida, kolesterola vrlo niske gustoće, T4 i T3 bila je različita u životinja različitih dobnih skupina (P<0,05). Povećanjem dobi utvrđen je i značajan pad koncentracije triglicerida, kolesterola vrlo niske gustoće, T4 i T3. Nije utvrđena značajnija povezanost između tireoidnih hormona (T3 i T4) te kolesterola, triglicerida, ukupnih lipida i lipoproteina