Pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions for treatment of common mental disorders associated with Tuberculosis: A systematic review.

We aimed to review the literature on interventions for treating Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in people with Tuberculosis (TB). We followed PRISMA guidelines and the protocol was registered at PROSPERO. The electronic databases (PsycInfo, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, Embase) were searched from 1982 to 2020. 349 relevant records were screened, with 26 examined at full text. 13 studies were included totalling 4326 participants. A meta-analysis was not possible due to nature of data, thus descriptive synthesis was conducted. Eleven studies evaluated psychosocial interventions, which significantly improved adherence or cure rates from TB, anxiety and depression. The elements of effective psychosocial interventions included; combating stigma, socioeconomic disadvantage, managing associated guilt and fear of contagion, and explanatory models of illness in local population. Two articles evaluated pharmacological interventions (antidepressants and Vitamin D). This is the first systematic review of interventions to treat CMD in TB. The studies were mostly low quality and mental health outcomes were not adequately described. However, this review suggests that it is feasible to develop and test interventions for improving mental health outcomes and enhancing treatment adherence in TB

Numerical Models For Boundary-Layer Analysis On Rough Surfaces

The paper presents a brief overview of the two most commonly used approaches, namely the equivalent sand-grain approach and the discrete-element approach, used to study boundary-layer characteristics of a rough surface. The salient features as well as some of the recent improvements and the limitations of these approaches are highlighted. Some results are presented at the end to show a comparison with known experimental dat

TechCare: mobile assessment and therapy for psychosis - an intervention for clients in the Early Intervention Service: A feasibility study protocol

OBJECTIVES: Technological advances in healthcare have shown promise when delivering interventions for mental health problems such as psychosis. The aim of this project is to develop a mobile phone intervention for people with psychosis and to conduct a feasibility study of the TechCare App. METHODS: The TechCare App will assess participant's symptoms and respond with a personalised guided self-help-based psychological intervention with the aim of exploring feasibility and acceptability. The project will recruit 16 service users and 8-10 health professionals from the Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust Early Intervention Service. RESULTS: In strand 1 of the study, we will invite people to discuss their experience of psychosis and give their opinions on the existing evidence-based treatment (cognitive behavioural therapy) and how the mobile app can be developed. In strand 2, we will complete a test run with a small number of participants (n?=?4) to refine the mobile intervention (TechCare). Finally, in strand 3 of the study, the TechCare App will be examined in a feasibility study with 12 participants. CONCLUSION: It has been suggested that there is a need for a rapid increase in the efforts to develop the evidence base for the clinical effectiveness of digital technologies, considering mHealth research can potentially be helpful in addressing the demand on mental health services globally

State-of-the-Art Aircraft Icing and Anti-Icing Simulation

The paper gives a brief description of the various state-of-the-art mathematical models used to simulate ice accretion and anti-icing simulation on an aircraft wing section. These models are implemented in the CANICE code. CANICE results from a typical icing and anti-icing simulation are presented in comparison with available experimental data and another icing code, LEWICE. The paper also discusses the usefulness of CANICE in reliably predicting ice accretion and in assessing anti-icing heat requirements for given flight and atmospheric conditions. The anti-icing system is modeled after a hot-air jet impinging on a flat plate from which the internal heat transfer coefficients are obtained. The optimum hot-air mass flux needed to avoid icing can be obtained by coupling the CANICE code with an optimization cod

Interventions Following Traumatic Event in Children and Adolescents: An Evidence-Based Response

Introduction - Recent attack on the Army Public School in Peshawar, Pakistan, isperhaps one the worst act of terrorism committed involving childrenand adolescent. There have been numerous acts of school shootingsreported from Western and American schools but these have generallybeen acts of individuals [1]. Although this trauma is unique in manyaspects, the region in which this school is located has borne the brunt oftrauma and terror suffering for almost three decades now. Many schoolbuildings have been destroyed in the region. A complex interplay ofsocial, political and religious values, and witnessing violence as aneveryday phenomenon already had an impact on the mental health of thepopulation in general, and women and children in particular [2-4].The mental health professionals are faced with a number ofchallenges in these situations. One major challenge is how we providethe evidence based treatments for such psychological trauma as well asprevent the long term consequences in children who are in the crucialstages of their emotional and cognitive development. These challengesare not easy to face especially when we consider lack of mental healthservices for children in places like Peshawar. The Mental HealthServices for adults are already overstretched in providing the care forsevere mental disorders. In this article we will provide the outline of anevidence based response in these situations