Expression of Marti's ideology in letters to his mother Leonor Pérez

Introducción: el epistolario martiano dirigido a su madre es expresión de sus ideales independentistas y valores humanos.Objetivo: caracterizar el ideario martiano a través de las cartas a su madre Leonor Pérez Cabrera.Métodos: se realizó una investigación documental de corte histórico, en la cual se emplearon métodos teóricos como análisis documental, histórico-lógico y sistematización.Desarrollo: el epistolario de Martí y su madre Leonor Pérez, refleja el gran cariño que se profesaron, las profundas convicciones que fueron inculcadas por su familia, los valores humanos y morales que se consolidaron en su modo de actuación, su espíritu indomable de lucha, su esencia independentista y su confianza en que la lucha era la única forma de derrocar al colonialismo y la opresión contra los pueblos, su disposición a dar la vida por la independencia de Cuba y su entrega total a la causa libertaria de la madre mayor: la Patria.Conclusiones: a través del epistolario se percibe el ideario martiano forjado bajo los preceptos morales de su familia y su posición ante las injusticias sociales de la época, que se manifestó en su elevado espíritu de rebeldía, su humildad, su honestidad, sus profundas convicciones independentistas y revolucionarias, a las que entregó su vida, ejemplo para los jóvenes rebeldes de posteriores generaciones de cubanos, quienes como buenos discípulos no han dejado morir su legado, llegando hasta nuestros días como digno ejemplo a seguir por futuros profesionales de alta sensibilidad humana en su diario quehacer.Introduction: Marti's epistolary addressed to his mother is an expression of his independence ideals and human values.Objective: To characterize Marti's ideology through his letters to his mother Leonor Pérez Cabrera.Methods: a historical documentary research was carried out, in which theoretical methods such as documentary analysis, historical-logical and systematization were used.Development: the epistolary of Martí and his mother Leonor Pérez, reflects the great affection they had for each other, the deep convictions that were instilled by their family, the human and moral values that were consolidated in their way of acting, their indomitable fighting spirit, their independence essence and their confidence that the struggle was the only way to overthrow colonialism and oppression against the peoples, their willingness to give their lives for the independence of Cuba and their total dedication to the libertarian cause of the greatest mother: the Homeland.Conclusions: through the epistolary we can perceive Marti's ideology forged under the moral precepts of his family and his position before the social injustices of the time, which was manifested in his high spirit of rebellion, his humility, his honesty, his deep pro-independence and revolutionary convictions, to which he gave his life, an example for the young rebels of later generations of Cubans, who as good disciples have not let his legacy die, reaching our days as a worthy example to be followed by future professionals of high human sensitivity in their daily work

Theoretical references and dimensions of the doctoral training process in universities of medical sciences

Introduction: educational systems recognize the importance of raising the quality of the teaching-learning process, because a quality education favors the growth of each nation. Objective: to describe the theoretical references of professional improvement and dimensions of the doctoral training process in medical sciences universities. Method: 28 documents available on the Internet were reviewed. Methods of analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, empirical level and transit from the abstract to the concrete were used. Results: the proposals for improvement should inform the process of reflection on the relationships and specificities that correspond, according to the university training profile in which they are performed, so that it can articulate with the expectations and intentions of the training process of the teacher and the university student; the theoretical references also recognize that this should be conceived as "a process aimed at reviewing and updating the knowledge, attitudes and skills of this professional, which is given by the need to renew the knowledge in order to adapt them to changes and advances in society". Conclusions: higher education policies should ensure that the system of professional improvement is favorable to the elevation of the scientific category of university graduates and guarantee the conditions for achieving better results in doctoral training. The training of doctors of science in medical universities requires the approach from three dimensions given by the direction, the scientific-methodological dimension and the institutional strategic dimension of the doctoral training process