The podiform chromitites in the Dagküplü and Kavak mines, Eskisehir ophiolite (NW-Turkey) : genetic implications of mineralogical and geochemical data

Mantle tectonites from Eskisehir (NW-Turkey) include high-Cr chromitites with limited variation of Cr#, ranging from 65 to 82. Mg# ratios are between 54 and 72 and chromite grains contain up to 3.71 wt% Fe2O3 and 0.30 wt% TiO2. PGE contents are variable and range from 109 to 533 pbb. Chondrite-normalized PGE patterns are flat from Os to Rh and negatively sloping from Rh to Pd. Total PGE contents and low Pd/Ir ratios (from 0.07 to 0.41) of chromitites are consistent with typical ophiolitic chromitites. Chromite grains contain a great number of solid inclusions. They comprise mainly of highly magnesian (Mg# 95-98) mafic silicates (olivine, amphibole and clinopyroxene) and base-metal sulfide inclusions of millerite (NiS), godlevskite (Ni7S6), bornite (C5FeS4) with minor Ni arsenides of maucherite (Ni11As8) and orcelite (Ni5-xAs2), and unnamed Cu2FeS3 phases. Heazlewoodite, awaruite, pyrite, and rare putoranite (Cu9Fe,Ni9S16) were also detected in the matrix of chromite as secondary minerals. Laurite [(Ru,Os)S2] was the only platinum-group minerals found as primary inclusions in chromite. They occur as euhedral to subhedral crystals trapped within chromite grains and are believed to have formed in the high temperature magmatic stage during chromite crystallization. Laurite has limited compositional variation, range between Ru0.94Os0.03Ir0.02S1.95 and Ru0.64Os0.21Ir0.10S1.85, and contain up to 1.96 at% Rh and 3.67 at% As. Close association of some laurite grains with amphibole and clinopyroxene indicates crystallization from alkali rich fluid bearing melt in the suprasubduction environment. The lack of any IPGE alloys, as well as the low Os-content of laurite, assumes that the melt from which chromite and laurite were crystallized had relatively high fS2 but never reached the fS2 to crystallize the erlichmanite. The presence of millerite, as primary inclusions in chromite, reflects the increasing fS2 during the chromite crystallization

Magma interaction processes inferred from Fe-Ti oxide compositions in the Dölek and Sariçiçek plutons, Eastern Turkey

Magnetite-ulvöspinel and ilmenite-hematite solid solution intergrowths from the high-K calc-alkaline Dölek and Sar?çiçek plutons, Eastern Turkey, were investigated using microprobe analyses. Compositions of twenty-eight samples from the host rocks and their enclaves' in the plutons were used to estimate the oxygen fugacity and temperature. The ilmenite and ulvöspinel component exsolves out along certain preferred crystallographic planes in the titanomagnetite of the host rocks, while they are always absent in those of the mafic-microgranular enclaves. The titanomagnetite and ilmenite show variations as Mt98-70Usp02-30 and Ilm99-65Hm01-35 in composition, respectively. Estimations of oxygen fugacity and temperature using the titanomagnetite-ilmenite thermometry/oxygen barometry range from log/O2 of -15.30 to -20.48 in host rocks, log/O2 of -15.39 to -20.80 in the mafic microgranular enclaves and 617±6 to 758±23 °C in host rocks, 622±6 to 735±24 °C in the mafic microgranular enclaves, possibly indicating crystallisation temperature. Applying magnetite-ilmenite thermometry/ oxygen barometry to the granitoid rocks also involves microprobe analyses of ilmenite lamellae in titanomagnetite and this method yielded mean temperatures of 679±18 °C. The specific forms and chemical properties of Fe-Ti oxides, and similarities in crystallization temperature and oxygen fugacity of the host rocks and the mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) obtained from the Fe-Ti oxide pairs imply that thermal equilibrium probably occurred between two contrasted magmas, which mixed invarious proportion so that possibly a felsic and a more mafic magma interaction occurred in a convectively dynamic magma chamber during crystallization of the plutons. Probably, underplating may be responsible for genesis of the hybrid plutons. Thus, for mixing of coeval magmas derived from a lithospheric upper mantle (mafic end-member) and lower crust (felsic end-member), a thermal anomaly should be supplied. Upwelling of hot asthenospheric material result in thermal perturbation and melting of lithospheric mantle. Intrusion of hot lithospheric mantle-derived mafic magma then induced lower crustal melting, producing felsic melt. Mixing of the lower crust-derived melt and lithospheric mantle-derived magma formed the hybrid pluton. This process requires a post-collisional extensional tectonic setting during the Eocene in the Eastern Pontides. Copyright © TÜBİTAK

The podiform chromitites in the Dagküplü and Kavak mines, Eskisehir ophiolite (NW-Turkey): Genetic implications of mineralogical and geochemical data

Mantle tectonites from Eskisehir (NW-Turkey) include high-Cr chromitites with limited variation of Cr#, ranging from 65 to 82. Mg# ratios are between 54 and 72 and chromite grains contain up to 3.71 wt% Fe2O3 and 0.30 wt% TiO2. PGE contents are variable and range from 109 to 533 pbb. Chondrite-normalized PGE patterns are flat from Os to Rh and negatively sloping from Rh to Pd. Total PGE contents and low Pd/Ir ratios (from 0.07 to 0.41) of chromitites are consistent with typical ophiolitic chromitites. Chromite grains contain a great number of solid inclusions. They comprise mainly of highly magnesian (Mg# 95-98) mafic silicates (olivine, amphibole and clinopyroxene) and base-metal sulfide inclusions of millerite (NiS), godlevskite (Ni7S6), bornite (C5FeS4) with minor Ni arsenides of maucherite (Ni11As8) and orcelite (Ni5-xAs2), and unnamed Cu2FeS3 phases. Heazlewoodite, awaruite, pyrite, and rare putoranite (Cu9Fe,Ni9S16) were also detected in the matrix of chromite as secondary minerals. Laurite [(Ru,Os)S2] was the only platinum-group minerals found as primary inclusions in chromite. They occur as euhedral to subhedral crystals trapped within chromite grains and are believed to have formed in the high temperature magmatic stage during chromite crystallization. Laurite has limited compositional variation, range between Ru0.94Os0.03Ir0.02S1.95 and Ru0.64Os0.21Ir0.10S1.85, and contain up to 1.96 at% Rh and 3.67 at% As. Close association of some laurite grains with amphibole and clinopyroxene indicates crystallization from alkali rich fluid bearing melt in the suprasubduction environment. The lack of any IPGE alloys, as well as the low Os-content of laurite, assumes that the melt from which chromite and laurite were crystallized had relatively high fS2 but never reached the fS2 to crystallize the erlichmanite. The presence of millerite, as primary inclusions in chromite, reflects the increasing fS2 during the chromite crystallization

A study on the magnetite skarn mineralization (Gümüşhane, Türkiye): a magnetic survey

Iron (Fe)-skarn mineralizations (Çambaşı, Dereli, Eğrikar, Karadağ, Kopuz, Sekü, Donguldere, Arnastal, Özdil, Ögene, İkizdere, Ovit Dağı, Kartiba, etc.) in the eastern part of the Pontides (NE Türkiye) are accommodated in the Pontide paleomagmatic arc and the eastern part of the Pontides Metallogenic Belt containing numerous various deposits. Fe-skarn mineralization around the Arnastal Plateau (Gümüşhane-Türkiye) is fragmentary in this area, which is covered with plants (grasses, flowers, etc.). Thus, it was attempted to describe the subsurface structures and Fe mineralization using an interpretation of the available geological and existing magnetic data in this area. Granitoid and volcano-sedimentary series (Upper Cretaceous) outcrop in the study area. These volcanosedimentary series consist of limestone, sandy limestone, marl, andesite, quartz andesite, basalt, and their equivalent pyroclastics. They include a thin layer of the red limestone (Upper Cretaceous) and olistolith recrystallized limestones (Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous). Zigana granitoid, intruding into all of these rocks, is high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous and is classified as quartz monzonite, monzogranite, granite, and syenogranite as a result of its modal composition. Contact pyrometasomatic mineralization occurs in between the limestone and granitoids in the Arnastal Plateau. In addition to petrographic and mineralogical studies, magnetic methods were applied to an area of approximately 10 km2 to find any covered Fe deposits. Magnetic susceptibility values measured on the outcropped rocks ranged from 1 to 34 (10–7 SI) for limestone, 78 to 3750 (10–7 SI) for basalt, and 105 to 3946 (10–7 SI) for granitoids. It is considered that these ranges express the alteration (physical or chemical) of the rocks, their homogeneity, and the lack or presence of Fe minerals. The magnetic survey was conducted along a study area measuring 12,075 m long with 25 and/or 50 m station spacing. Processing of the magnetic data revealed the presence of eight buried Fe ores that could represent either massive or disseminated mineralization between the Sarıtaş and Kurtdere plateaus. Magnetite ore bodies may be present from the surface to a depth of approximately 15–25 m inside the limestone. In addition to the identification of new magnetite ore mineralization or bodies, a new geological map was designed by determining probable formation boundaries with this magnetic survey. © 2023, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.Michigan Townships Association, MTA; Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, KTU: 96.112.005.1

The podiform chromitites in the Dagküplü and Kavak mines, Eskisehir ophiolite (NW-Turkey) : genetic implications of mineralogical and geochemical data

Mantle tectonites from Eskisehir (NW-Turkey) include high-Cr chromitites with limited variation of Cr#, ranging from 65 to 82. Mg# ratios are between 54 and 72 and chromite grains contain up to 3.71 wt% Fe2O3 and 0.30 wt% TiO2. PGE contents are variable and range from 109 to 533 pbb. Chondrite-normalized PGE patterns are flat from Os to Rh and negatively sloping from Rh to Pd. Total PGE contents and low Pd/Ir ratios (from 0.07 to 0.41) of chromitites are consistent with typical ophiolitic chromitites. Chromite grains contain a great number of solid inclusions. They comprise mainly of highly magnesian (Mg# 95-98) mafic silicates (olivine, amphibole and clinopyroxene) and base-metal sulfide inclusions of millerite (NiS), godlevskite (Ni7S6), bornite (C5FeS4) with minor Ni arsenides of maucherite (Ni11As8) and orcelite (Ni5-xAs2), and unnamed Cu2FeS3 phases. Heazlewoodite, awaruite, pyrite, and rare putoranite (Cu9Fe,Ni9S16) were also detected in the matrix of chromite as secondary minerals. Laurite [(Ru,Os)S2] was the only platinum-group minerals found as primary inclusions in chromite. They occur as euhedral to subhedral crystals trapped within chromite grains and are believed to have formed in the high temperature magmatic stage during chromite crystallization. Laurite has limited compositional variation, range between Ru0.94Os0.03Ir0.02S1.95 and Ru0.64Os0.21Ir0.10S1.85, and contain up to 1.96 at% Rh and 3.67 at% As. Close association of some laurite grains with amphibole and clinopyroxene indicates crystallization from alkali rich fluid bearing melt in the suprasubduction environment. The lack of any IPGE alloys, as well as the low Os-content of laurite, assumes that the melt from which chromite and laurite were crystallized had relatively high fS2 but never reached the fS2 to crystallize the erlichmanite. The presence of millerite, as primary inclusions in chromite, reflects the increasing fS2 during the chromite crystallization