REPLACING ENDORSERS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: INNOVATION IN THE ADVERTISING WORLD

At one time, we thought that artificial intelligence was just fantasy. However, we did not imagine that this dream would become a reality in the 21st century and would have such an impact on our day-to-day lives. Nowadays, AI has made many difficult tasks in our daily lives easier, and work time has also decreased. Currently, Artificial Intelligence is being used in various sectors. But, after witnessing the capability, it is clear that AI will revolutionize the business world. Advertising is a significant part of the business sector. AI is expected to emerge as a game changer, especially in advertising. New entrepreneurs can market and advertise their products at relatively low cost. With AI, they can hire prominent endorser’s "personality" to advertise at a reasonable cost, which is currently out of imagination for new entrepreneurs. AI is going to emerge as a generational advancement for the business and advertising world around the globe. If advertisers develop an AI that can learn the personality of an individual and can ethically use the character to create ads or a live video, the expense of marketing will significantly decline. Statistical tools will be used to analyze the quantitative data, and thematic examination will be applied to dissect the qualitative data. Try to fill the gap and overcome the problem using primary and secondary data. Find the best ways to reduce the risk factors and expand economic growth

IMPACT OF GRAVITY MODEL ON TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN: A CASE OF CPEC BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN

To find out the trade flow among different economies, the gravity model has been applied in various researches in different regions of the world. The present study has applied the Gravity model to analyze the bilateral trade patterns between China and Pakistan. The secondary panel data was collected from 2009 and 2018. The variables used in the study were Distance, Inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and GDP per capita, Exchange Rate. The data was collected from the official websites of State Bank of Pakistan, the Pakistan Economic Survey, and the Pakistan Stock Exchange.  The fixed effect regression model was used for analysis. The results showed that the Distance, GDP growth, GDP per capita had an insignificant impact on the Trade Flow between China and Pakistan. The Exchange Rate and Inflation showed a positive and significant effect on trade between China and Pakistan. The results recommended that further studies should be done targeting other potential variables with different mediating and non-mediating roles. Keywords:Gravity Model Trade, CPE

Stages of chronic kidney disease and soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR), Ferritin, ratio

Objective: To assess the ratio of soluble transferrin receptor to ferritin in different stages of chronic kidney disease.Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital and the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January to September 2014, and comprised chronic kidney disease patients and healthy controls. Group 1 comprised controls, whereas groups 2, 3 and 4 had patients based on their mean glomerular filtration rate. SPSS 19 was used for data analysis.Results: Of the 170 participants, 126(74.1%) were cases and 44(25.9%) were controls. The overall mean age was 55.87±3.48 years and the mean body mass index was 24.25±2.9 kg/m2. Decreased levels of iron and haemoglobin were observed in cases compared to controls (p\u3c0.001), while high serum ferritin was seen in cases compared to the controls (p\u3c0.001). Correspondingly, the soluble transferrin receptor-to-ferritin ratio was significantly decreased in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p\u3c0.001).Conclusions: The ratio of soluble transferrin receptor to ferritin was lower in higher stages of chronic kidney disease

The Role of Ownership Concentration and Dividend Policy on Firm Performance: Evidence from an Emerging Market of Pakistan

Purpose- The main aim of this study is to determine the role of ownership concentration and dividend policy on the firm performance of chemical sector firms of Pakistan. Design/Methodology- This research used the secondary data collected from the annual reports of the companies listed at the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). However, inclusion criteria are the 26 listed firms from 2012 to 2017, giving a total of 156 observations. This study used the Generalized Least Squares Model. Findings- The findings reveal that ownership concentration has a significant positive association with firm financial performance. This stated that larger shareholders could attribute to the alignment of managerial incentives with shareholder interests. They also monitor the team very effectively and efficiently. The dividend policy has a significant positive relationship with ROA. Leverage and tangibility have a significant negative relationship with firm performance. Practical Implications- These results potentially can be relevant for policymakers and academic research as well as also helpful for managers and policymakers

Role of Leptin and dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and plasma leptin level is elevated in cardio renal syndrome. We wanted to explore leptin levels in patients with different stages of CKD and find its association with risk of cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nephrology Department of Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC) from January 2014 to September 2014. Group I comprised of controls (GFR=116±8.3, n = 44) acquired from general population, CKD patients were grouped as II, III and IV respectively with GFR; 85.77±9.9 (n = 42), 53.84±9.9 (n=42) and 20.22±8.4 (n = 42).CKD patients with any inflammatory disease, Diabetes Mellitus and on steroid therapy were excluded. Serum leptin, lipid profile and C reactive proteins (CRP) were measured. Leptin and CRP levels increased significantly with progression of CKD. High density lipoproteins (HDL) to low density lipoproteins (LDL) ratio was significantly high in control as compared to CKD groups (

Knowledge, Attitude & Behaviors Related to Oral Health among Students & Faculty of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students and faculty related to oral health. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad Pakistan comprising of medical students and their teaching faculty. The participants out of total 400 distributed data forms responded 330 questionnaires positively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25.0 (using descriptive analysis and Chi Square test). P value of less than 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS: The survey revealed that the high proportion (96.6%) of teachers knew about dental caries, which was significantly higher than students (p-value 0.031).  High percentage of teachers had habit of brushing twice daily as compared to students (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Within limitations of this survey, teaching faculty possessed better knowledge, attitude and behavior related to oral health as compared to medical students

Effect of chronic restraint stress on body weight of male Sprague Dawley rats

Background:  Stress disturbs body weight and food intake, but the core mechanisms are not well understood.    Study design:  Experimental     Materials and Methods:  The study was conducted in  National  Institute  of  Health  (NIH),  Islamabad Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats (mean wt 250 ± 50 grams) were used and divided into 2 groups.   Each group comprised of 30 rats.   Group I was taken as control. Group II was exposed to chronic stress.  Results:  The comparison of weight gain by the different groups disclosed that there was a significant decrease in weight gain of rats exposed to the chronic stress as compared to control group.     Conclusion:  Chronic restraint stress has a detrimental effect on body weight.