Non-Uniform Heat Source/Sink and Thermal Radiation Effects on the Stretched Flow of Cylinder in a Thermally Stratified Medium

The paper addresses the influence of non-uniform heat source/sink in flow of couple stress fluid by a stretching cylinder in a thermally stratified medium. Thermal radiation effect in heat transfer analysis is also accounted. Conservation laws of mass, linear momentum and energy leads to nonlinear situation. Use of adequate transformations coverts the partial differential equations into the ordinary differential equations. Series solutions of the resulting equations are obtained for the velocity and temperature. Convergence of the solutions is explicitly checked. Impacts of various sundry variable son the velocity, temperature, wall shear stress and Nusselt number are examined through graphical illustrations and numerical values. The effect of β and Re on velocity field is qualitatively similar. For larger values of curvature parameter γ velocity enhances. Influences of S and R on temperature on the temperature distribution are opposite. Heat transfer at the surface decays when A and B increase

Tactile-like corpuscles in gastric mucosa: a case report

BACKGROUND: The presence of tactile corpuscle-like structures in Schwannomas, Neurofibromas and Neuroid Intradermal Melanocytic Nevi is well-documented. We report a case describing the presence of such structures in the lamina propria of grossly normal gastric mucosa. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30 year-old male underwent esophagogastrectomy for carcinoma. Examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections reveal tactile corpuscle-like structures in the mucosa adjacent to the main tumor mass. CONCLUSION: This is a rare phenomenon and a literature search revealed only one paper describing such structures in the benign colonic mucosa of a colectomy done for carcinoma. We did not come across any cases in the literature describing such structures in gastrointestinal specimen resected for reasons other than carcinoma. To our knowledge this would be the first case reporting the existence of tactile corpuscles-like structures in gastric mucosa

Evaluation of antibiotic use in pediatric intensive care unit of a developing country

Background: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) patients are often prescribed antibiotics with a low threshold in comparison to patients elsewhere. Irrational antibiotics use can lead to rapid emergence of drug resistance, so surveillance of their use is important.Objectives: To evaluate the use of antibiotics in relation to bacteriological findings in PICU of a Tertiary Hospital.Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of all children (age 1 month-16 years) admitted in our closed multidisciplinary-cardiothoracic PICU from January to June 2013 was performed, after approval from Ethical Review Committee. For each antibiotic, indication (prophylactic, empiric, therapeutic) and duration of use were recorded. All diagnoses of infections were recorded according to diagnostic criteria of IPSCC 2005. Results are presented as frequency and percentages and median with inter quartile range using SPSS version 19.Results: All of the total 240 patients admitted in PICU during the study period received antibiotics: 43% (n = 104) prophylactically, 42% (n = 102) empirically, and 15% (n = 15) therapeutically. Median number of antibiotic use per patient in PICU was 3, with range of 1-7. 25% received 1 antibiotic, 23% received 2 antibiotics, 29% received 3 antibiotics, and rest received ≥4 antibiotics. Most commonly used antibiotics were cefazolin, meropenem, vancomycin and ceftriaxone, and most frequently used combination was meropenem and vancomycin. In majority of the cases, (70%) empiric antibiotic combinations were stopped in 72 h.Conclusion: This is the first report of antibiotics use in PICU from our country, which shows that antibiotics are prescribed universally in our PICU. Strategies to assess the need for antibiotic use are needed

Enhanced Degradation of Dyes present in Textile Effluent by Ultrasound Assisted Electrochemical Reactor

Textile industry being the backbone of any country plays a very essential part in the development of the country. The treatment of chemical dyes present in textile wastewater and its reuse for irrigational purposes has become a major concern for the researchers. The present study emphasis on proper degradation of commonly used reactive blue (RB) 19 dye present in textile effluents using ultrasound assisted electrochemical reactor technique and presenting the analysis of microparticles present in dyes and its quantitative composition before and after treatment by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images at high magnification. The investigation was carried out using various parameters such as Concentration, pH and reaction rate. The testing setup also includes UV absorbance spectrophotometer, ultrasonic bath, DC power supply, weighing balance, suction apparatus, and thermometer. Our studies show that the Optimum dye degradation (i.e. 82.3 %) was achieved at time 120 minutes with pH of 3.22 for 50 ppm of solution and the maximum degradation (i.e. 85%) was achieved at 40 0C using acid (HCl) and Base (NaOH) in equal amounts after 120 minutes for solution of 30ppm. The work efficiency includes saving time, money and degrading the dyes from wastewater before toxic sludge formation

Review of Catalytic Transesterification Methods for Biodiesel Production

Attempts for improving the synthesis procedure of catalysts for fatty acid methyl ester production have been progressing for a considerable length of time. Biodiesel lessens net carbon dioxide emissions up to 78% with reference to conventional fuel. That is the reason for the improvement of new and operative solid catalysts necessary for inexhaustible and efficient fuel production. Homogenous base catalysts for transesterification is risky in light of the fact that its produces soap as byproduct, which makes difficult issues like product separation and not temperate for industrial application. In comparison, heterogeneous process gives higher quality FAME which can be effectively isolated and facilitate costly refining operations that are not required. A focus of this review article is to study and compare various biodiesel synthesis techniques that are being researched. The catalytic strength of numerous heterogeneous solid catalysts (acid and base), specially earth and transition metal oxides were also appraised. It was observed that catalytic proficiency relied upon a few factors, for example, specific surface area, pore size, volume and active site concentration at catalyst surface. This review article will give assistance in assortment of appropriate catalysts and the ideal conditions for biodiesel generation

Appendicitis after Appendectomy: A Rare Presentation of Acute Appendicitis as Stump Appendicitis

Appendicitis is one of the frequent complaints for which patients visit the Emergency Department. Appendectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures. Stump appendicitis is a rare but severe complication of appendectomy due to the inflammation of the remaining part of the appendix. Because it is rare and partly due to physicians’ lack of understanding of this entity, the diagnosis is highly delayed, leading to severe complications including perforation or peritonitis. This article aims to raise the importance and awareness and shed light on how possibly it could be avoided

Incidence and etiology of omphalitis in Pakistan: a community-based cohort study

Introduction: Although omphalitis (umbilical infections) among newborns is common and a major cause of neonatal deaths in developing countries, information on its burden and etiology from community settings is lacking. This study aimed to determine the incidence and etiology of omphalitis in newborns in high neonatal mortality settings in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: Trained community health workers surveyed all new births in three low-income areas from September 2004 to August 2007. Pus samples from the umbilical stumps were obtained from babies with pre-defined signs of illness and subjected to culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: Among 6904 births, 1501 (21.7%) newborns were diagnosed with omphalitis. Of these, 325 (21.6%) were classified as mild, 1042 (69.4%) as moderate, and 134 (8.9%) as severe, 141 (9.3%) were associated with clinical signs of sepsis. The incidence of omphalitis was 217.4/1000 live births, moderate-severe omphalitis 170.3 per 1000 live births, and associated with sepsis 20.4 per 1000 live births. Of 853 infants with purulent umbilical discharge, 64% yielded 583 isolates. The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, of which 291 (95.7%) were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and 13 (4.2%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes 105 (18%), Group B beta-hemolytic streptococci 59 (10 %), Pseudomonas spp., 52 (8.9 %), Aeromonas spp. 19 (3.2%), and Klebsiella spp. 12 (2%). Conclusions: A high burden of omphalitis can be associated with sepsis among newborns in low-income communities in Pakistan. S. aureus is the most common pathogen isolated from umbilical pus. Appropriate low-cost prevention strategies need to be implemented

SmartSIM - a virtual reality simulator for laparoscopy training using a generic physics engine

International audienceVirtual reality (VR) training simulators have started playing a vital role in enhancing surgical skills, such as hand–eye coordination in laparoscopy, and practicing surgical scenarios that cannot be easily created using physical models. We describe a new VR simulator for basic training in lapa-roscopy, i.e. SmartSIM, which has been developed using a generic open‐source physics engine called the simulation open framework architecture (SOFA). This paper describes the systems perspective of SmartSIM including design details of both hardware and software components, while highlighting the critical design decisions. Some of the distinguishing features of SmartSIM include: (i) an easy‐to‐fabricate custom‐built hardware interface; (ii) use of a generic physics engine to facilitate wider accessibility of our work and flexibility in terms of using various graph-ical modelling algorithms and their implementations; and (iii) an intelligent and smart evaluation mechanism that facilitates unsupervised and independent learning