The Life of Sum-pa mkhan-po (1704-1788), The Celebrated Author of dPag-bsam ljon-bzan (trans.)

Translated from Deb-ther rgya-mtsh

Long-Range Repulsion Between Spatially Confined van der Waals Dimers

It is an undisputed textbook fact that non-retarded van der Waals (vdW) interactions between isotropic dimers are attractive, regardless of the polarizability of the interacting systems or spatial dimensionality. The universality of vdW attraction is attributed to the dipolar coupling between fluctuating electron charge densities. Here we demonstrate that the long-range interaction between \textit{spatially confined} vdW dimers becomes repulsive when accounting for the full Coulomb interaction between charge fluctuations. Our analytic results are obtained by using the Coulomb potential as a perturbation over dipole-correlated states for two quantum harmonic oscillators embedded in spaces with reduced dimensionality, however the long-range repulsion is expected to be a general phenomenon for spatially-confined quantum systems. We suggest optical experiments to test our predictions, analyze their relevance in the context of intermolecular interactions in nanoscale environments, and rationalize the recent observation of anomalously strong screening of the lateral vdW interactions between aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on metal surfaces.Comment: 2 figure

Process for preparing higher oxides of the alkali and alkaline earth metals

High purity inorganic higher oxides of the alkali and alkaline earth metals are prepared by subjecting the hydroxide of the alkali and alkaline earth metal to a radio frequency discharge sustained in oxygen. The process is particulary adaptable to the production of high purity potassium superoxide by subjecting potassium hydroxide to glow discharge sustained in oxygen under the pressure of about 0.75 to 1.00 torr

Explanation of IceCube spectrum with ν→3ν\nu\rightarrow 3 \nu neutrino splitting in a ν\nu2HDM model

A single power law flux spectrum of high energy neutrinos does not adequately explain the entire 60 TeV to 10 PeV event spectrum observed at IceCube, specially the excess of PeV events and the lack of Glashow resonance events expected at 6.3 PeV cannot be simultaneously explained by a single power law source neutrino flux. Here we consider a model of neutrino splitting $\nu\rightarrow 3 \nu$ over cosmological distances. Starting from a single power-law spectrum expected from the astrophysical sources, we show that by adjusting the decay length and spectral index one can give a better fit to the observed IceCube events over the entire 1 TeV -6 PeV, compared to that from a single power spectrum. For $\nu\rightarrow 3\nu$ neutrino splitting, the flavor ratios of the daughter neutrinos are different from the standard oscillation or invisible decay cases and can be used as a test of this scenario. We propose a $\nu$2HDM where a light Higgs ($\sim 0.1$~eV) mediates neutrino splitting via a one-loop box diagram. The split in the masses of the scalars in the doublet gives a large contribution to the oblique T parameter which is severely constrained. This constraint from the S,T,U oblique parameters can be evaded by the introduction of an extra vector lepton doublet and with mass $\sim 200$ GeV.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, Journal version to appear in JHE

Spinning strings and minimal surfaces in AdS3AdS_3 with mixed 3-form fluxes

Motivated by the recent proposal for the S-matrix in $AdS_3\times S^3$ with mixed three form fluxes, we study classical folded string spinning in $AdS_3$ with both Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz three form fluxes. We solve the equations of motion of these strings and obtain their dispersion relation to the leading order in the Neveu-Schwarz flux $b$. We show that dispersion relation for the spinning strings with large spin ${\cal S}$ acquires a term given by $-\frac{\sqrt{\lambda}}{2\pi} b^2\log^2 {\cal S}$ in addition to the usual $\frac{\sqrt\lambda}{\pi} \log {\cal S}$ term where $\sqrt{\lambda}$ is proportional to the square of the radius of $AdS_3$. Using SO(2,2) transformations and re-parmetrizations we show that these spinning strings can be related to light like Wilson loops in $AdS_3$ with Neveu-Schwarz flux $b$. We observe that the logarithmic divergence in the area of the light like Wilson loop is also deformed by precisely the same coefficient of the $b^2 \log^2 {\cal S}$ term in the dispersion relation of the spinning string. This result indicates that the coefficient of $b^2 \log^2 {\cal S}$ has a property similar to the coefficient of the $\log {\cal S}$ term, known as cusp-anomalous dimension, and can possibly be determined to all orders in the coupling $\lambda$ using the recent proposal for the S-matrix.Comment: 34 pages, Accepted for publication in JHE