The impact of two production task-mode types on FL vocabulary knowledge / Bahador Sadeghi

In the ESL/EFL instructional context , the role of output tasks on target language learning has been investigated , and all of them have supported the positive role of output on target language acquisition, but few studies have compared the effect of two types of production modes ( written and oral output ) on target language acquisition, The present study examined the effects of two types of production modes on the productive English vocabulary knowledge .Two groups of intermediate learners (n=38) were subjected to the two production-modes tasks (Round Robin and Buzz group).Then T-test was used to analyze data. The Buzz group students better gained knowledge of vocabulary in comparison to those in the Round Robin group although no significant difference was observed between the two. The results represented that two types of production task played positive roles in improving the productive vocabulary knowledge of the learners. As a result, applying output tasks could be recommended to the syllabus and text book designers and teachers

Towards a Discursive Analysis of Cyrus’s Charter and His Will: A Critical Discourse Analysis

This study took a critical discourse analysis approach to investigate vocabulary feature, themes, and topics used in Cyrus Charter and Will. The analytical model was based on Norman Fairclough’s (1989) framework. The findings of this study indicated Cyrus as the first founder of human rights, protected emancipation, brotherhood, equality and peace in the world through his charter. Moreover this charter had essential role in reflecting Persian rich culture toward other nations. It seems that by resorting to this charter, most of the ethnic and religious conflicts in modern world could be settled down. Also United Nations can keep peace by applying such rules in the world. In data analysis Spss’s bar chart was used to analyze data

The Representation of Male and Female Social Actors in the ILI English Series

Textbooks are important parts of all educational systems nowadays, which can make people ready for globalization and new concepts emerging through it. These individuals need to be given the chance of feeling as successful and important, in a world which is neither blue nor pink. Equality can pave the way to a better world, and the study of the representation of male and female social actors in textbooks can lead to elimination of inequality from textbooks and societies. This study is an attempt to analyze the representation of males and females at the ILI English Series. The dialogues examined critically through Van Leeuwen’s framework (1996, 2008), and they proved to be gender-biased. These series depict a men-without-women world in which females are waiting for a chance to ‘be’, ‘be seen’ and ‘be heard’. (140

The Comparative Effect of Teacher- and Peer-assessment on EFL Learners’ Self-confidence

This research was conducted to investigate whether there is any significant difference between the impact of teacher-assessment and peer-assessment on the personality feature of self-confidence of EFL learners. To fulfill the purpose of this study 60 female students from Resalat high school in Qazvin were selected non-probabilistically using convenience sampling strategy. These students who were in two classes first take a self-confidence test of 56 items. Then both classes underwent six sessions of reading comprehension practice followed by quizzes. In one class the test papers were scored by the teacher (i.e. teacher-assessment) and in another they were scored by classmates (i.e. peer-assessment). At the end of the program, the self-confidence test was administered again. The means of pre- and post-tests of self-confidence were compared using t-test. Moreover, if the pre-tests of both classes were proved homogeneous, the results of post tests could be also compared for significance of any mean difference. Finally,the result showed  that there was a significant difference between the effects of peer-assessment and teacher-assessment on EFL learners’ self confidence. After comparing the effects of teacher- and peer-assessment on the participants’self-confidence peer-assessment, however,turned out to be more effective in improving the EFL learners’ self-confidence than teacher-assessment

The study of enhanced coagulation process efficacy and direct filtration’s effectiveness on elimination of natural organic materials from surface waters

زمینه و هدف: یکی از مشکلات اصلی استفاده از منابع آب های سطحی، غلظت بالای مواد آلی طبیعی آن است. مواد آلی طبیعی پیش ساز محصولات جانبی گندزدایی بوده و برخی از این مواد می توانند برای انسان سمی یا سرطان زا باشند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی کارآیی فرآیند انعقاد پیشرفته و فیلتراسیون مستقیم برای حذف مواد آلی طبیعی از آب های سطحی بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی، پایلوت برای انعقاد پیشرفته با فیلتراسیون مستقیم با ظرفیت 144 لیتر بر ساعت طراحی شد. تالاب چغاخور واقع در 65 کیلومتری شهرکرد به عنوان محل نمونه برداری انتخاب و نمونه ها برداشت شد. جهت سنجش مواد آلی طبیعی (NOMs) از روش جذب UV در طول موج 254 نانومتر بوسیله دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر استفاده شد. در این پژوهش تأثیر pH، دوز منعقد کننده کلروفریک (FeCl3) و دبی ورودی به سیستم بر حذف مواد آلی طبیعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط بهینه میزان حذف NOMs حدود 94 درصد بود و مقدار باقیمانده آلاینده به کمتر از mg/l 2 رسید. شرایط بهینه برای حذف مواد آلی طبیعی در pH 2/6، دوز کلروفریک mg/l 60 و دبی l/h 95 اتفاق افتاد. بر اساس تحلیل اثر عوامل مورد بررسی، غلظت ماده منعقد کننده بیشترین اثر را بر راندمان حذف NOMs داشته و به ترتیب pH و دبی در رتبه های بعدی قرار داشتند. نتیجه گیری: طبق نتایج بدست آمده، انعقاد پیشرفته بوسیله کلروفریک با فیلتراسیون مستقیم می تواند بازدهی حذف مواد آلی طبیعی در تصفیه خانه آب را بهبود دهد

Removal of color and turbidity of waters containing natural organic materials using integrated enhanced coagulation and direct filtration

زمینه و هدف: منابع آب سطحی اغلب حاوی ناخالصی های محلول و معلق متعددی می باشند. ذرات ریزتر که اصطلاحاً کلوئید نامیده می شوند، تنها پس از عملیات انعقاد و لخته سازی قابل حذف می باشند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی کارآیی فرآیند تلفیقی انعقاد پیشرفته و فیلتراسیون مستقیم برای حذف رنگ و کدورت از آب های سطحی و همچنین یافتن راه حل مناسبی جهت حذف آلاینده ها از این آب ها بود. روش بررسی: این مطالعه به صورت تجربی در مقیاس پایلوت و با ظرفیت 144 لیتر بر ساعت انجام گرفت. 2 فاکتور رنگ و کدورت در این مطالعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تالاب چغاخور واقع در 65 کیلومتری شهرکرد به عنوان محل نمونه برداری انتخاب و نمونه ها برداشت شد. جهت سنجش رنگ و کدورت از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر مدل DR2000 استفاده شد. روش جمع آوری داده ها بر اساس آزمایشات تاگوچی به دست آمد و داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار Minitab آنالیز شدند. در این پژوهش تأثیر pH، دوز منعقد کننده کلروفریک (FeCl3) و دبی ورودی به سیستم بر حذف رنگ و کدورت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط بهینه میزان حذف رنگ حدوداً 96 بوده و از 140 واحد TCU در نمونه خام به 3/5 واحد TCU رسید. کدورت اولیه با میزان حذف بیش از 95 از NTU 320 به NTU 4/1 رسید. شرایط بهینه برای حذف رنگ و کدورت در 2/6=pH، دوز کلروفریک40 میلی گرم بر لیتر و دبی 95 لیتر بر ساعت اتفاق افتاد. بر اساس تحلیل اثر عوامل مورد بررسی، pH بیشترین اثر را بر راندمان حذف آلاینده ها داشته و به ترتیب غلظت ماده منعقد کننده و دبی در رتبه های بعدی قرار داشتند. نتیجه گیری: طبق نتایج به دست آمده، فرآیند تلفیقی انعقاد پیشرفته با فیلتراسیون مستقیم می تواند بازدهی حذف رنگ و کدورت را در تصفیه خانه آب بهبود دهد

Wood Application in Islamic Architectural Decoration of Mazandaran

ABSTRACT Traditionally, Iran is known because of its deep roots of architecture and fine arts. Architecture which is actually excellence of arts and perfection and delight of cultured people has focused the attention of great artists and great builders and the world on itself. Islamic architecture in a certain stage of its development prioritized many types of decorations that can be made to the interior and exterior surfaces to other architectural elements. These arrays of architectural designs are rich treasures of paintings that represent its cultural and religious mysteries in addition to its nominal value and beauty. Using woods in the types of buildings of Islamic era ranging from the religious and secular buildings interwoven to create architectural elements and decorative arts, especially painting and wood is considered as the most important and the first building element in the Caspian region due to dense forest. Identification and consideration of wood in decoration related to Islamic architecture includes the introduction of additional elements of the body by being present at the location, fieldwork and library studies are discussions which are to be considered in the present article

Genotypic characterization, invasion index and antimicrobial resistance pattern in Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from clinical samples

Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial resistance, invasion index and genetic profile in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from clinical samples. Methods: At all, 170 clinical samples were collected from patients with spontaneous abortions hospitalized in Shariati hospital in Tehran during June 2010 to August 2013. Invasion index was determined using HeLa cells. The multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA) was used for evaluation of genetic relatedness. Results: Out of 14 L. monocytogenes isolates, 4 (28.57%), 2 (14.28%), 0 (0%), 5 (35.71%) and 3 (21.42%) were isolated from placental tissue, urine, blood, vaginal and rectal swabs, respectively. High resistance to penicillin and multidrug resistant were found amongst isolates. The invasion index was in the range of 0.001–0.007. Seven different types were obtained by MLVA assay and type 2 and 3 with 4 strains were the most frequent type. Strains isolated from the vagina and the placenta of the same type were also more resistant to penicillin. Conclusions: Since MLVA is a high-throughput screening method that is fairly inexpensive, easy to accomplish, rapid, and trustworthy, it is well suited to interlaboratory comparisons during epidemiological investigations. Also further studies of larger samples from a variety of sources such as food and animal specimens recommended comparing by MLVA method