Angiogenesis inhibitors in cancer therapeutics

In the era molecular pharmacology, development of angiogenesis inhibitors is certainly a master discovery .There are specific angiogenesis inhibitors are being used in cancer and various endogenous anti-angiogenesis molecules are discovered .This review is a coverage of basic anti-angiogenic molecule like bevacizumab and other newer targets, after explaining the basic physiology of new vessel formation which helps in better understanding of these drugs.

Production and growth of cultchless oyster spat of Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) for single oyster culture

In India, edible oyster (Crassostrea madrasensis) farming is being practised by several farmers in central Kerala employing the rack and ren method in the estuaries and backwaters. However, farmed oysters do not find ready marketability due to the high labour costs involved in handling and shucking. The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, Kerala, has developed the hatchery technology for edible oyster spat production, both cultched and cultchless. Nevertheless, these have not been commercialised due to the fact that spat collection from wild is still the most feasible option in oyster farming. The aim of the present study was to produce cultchless spat in the farm site itself and rear it to commercial size for harvesting uniform sized regular, rounded single oysters

Wild Arachis Genetic Resources at ICRISAT

The conservatron olArachls germplasm IS an urgent need ICRlSA T hes bean desrgnatd.s a mwot reposrtofy'ol Arrchls germplem. wrth the obwrrves 01 coll~tronm, arnfenance and evaluatron 01 the genetrc resources. end the documentatron and dtstrrbutron 01 mahrral end tnlormatton Wrld specres 01 Arachls are acqurred through transler from known genelrc resocrrce crnlsrs rn Indra end abroad, and elso by collectmg expedrrrons The accessrons whrch reproduce by seed are multrplred by growrng rn Ihe lreld Currently the pods arestored a1 d°C wrlh 35% relrttve hunitdtry Long-term storage lacrlrtres are berng burlt The rhrzometous accessrons ere merntarrved by growing rooted cuftrngs rn concrete conterners A serres oldescrrpfors surfable lor Iheevalualron 01 wtld specres 01 Arachls rs berng developed, meenwhrle the groundnur descrrptors developed by l8PGR end ICRlSA T are berng used At ICRISA T, wrld specres are screened agarnst drseases andpesfs Those specres wtth resrstancr are berng urrlrzed in the Groundnuf lmprovemenl Program Arach~sg ermplasm 1s avatlabte lrbe 01 charge lo all sctentrsts who wrsh to use rt The current status of wrld Arach~s germplasm and the lufure program are presente

Synthesis of surfactant free stable nanofluids based on barium hexaferrite by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

Barium hexaferrite nanofluids based on five different solvents have been prepared by employing Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL) at two different wavelengths of 532 nm and 1064 nm. They were then characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). The chemical states of the ablated nanoparticles were identified from XPS analysis and found to be matching with that of the target. The crystallinity of the nanoparticles were confirmed from high resolution TEM (HRTEM) images and SAED patterns. It is found that different liquid environments lead to the formation of barium ferrite nanoparticles with different particle diameters. The plausible mechanism involved in this process is discussed. This study can pave way for the synthesis of stable magnetic nanofluids of permanent magnets. Further, this technique could be utilized for tailoring the morphology of nanoparticles with a judicious choice of the solvents and other ablation parameter

CFD Analysis of Aerodynamic Drag Effects on Vacuum Tube Trains

Aerodynamic aspects of train shapes suitable for Vacuum Tube Train System are investigated in this paper. Three feasible geometries for the vacuum tube train system have been considered and modelled in three dimensions and have been computationally studied using the commercial software Ansys Fluent. Aerodynamic drag loads on these geometries have been calculated under different tube pressures and speeds of the train, which provide insight on various operating parameters that need to be considered while designing the vacuum tube train system. The present computational research shows that, the suitable vacuum pressure, and different shapes of head and tail of the train have significantly effects the drag force of the vacuum train in the tunnel. Overall, the elliptical train shape with a height to base ratio of 2:1 is more efficient for aerodynamic drag reduction of the vacuum tube train at the vacuum tube pressure of 1013.25 Pa

Photon Beam Asymmetry Σ for η and η′ Photoproduction From the Proton

Measurements of the linearly-polarized photon beam asymmetry Σ for photoproduction from the proton of η and η ′ mesons are reported. A linearly-polarized tagged photon beam produced by coherent bremsstrahlung was incident on a cryogenic hydrogen target within the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. Results are presented for the γ p → η p reaction for incident photon energies from 1.070 to 1.876 GeV, and from 1.516 to 1.836 GeV for the γ p → η ′ p reaction. For γ p → η p , the data reported here considerably extend the range of measurements to higher energies, and are consistent with the few previously published measurements for this observable near threshold. For γ p → η ′ p , the results obtained are consistent with the few previously published measurements for this observable near threshold, but also greatly expand the incident photon energy coverage for that reaction. Initial analysis of the data reported here with the Bonn–Gatchina model strengthens the evidence for four nucleon resonances – the N (1895) 1/2− , N (1900) 3/2+ , N(2100) 1/2+ and N (2120) 3/2− resonances – which presently lack the four-star status in the current Particle Data Group compilation, providing examples of how these new measurements help refine models of the photoproduction process

Photon beam asymmetry Sigma for eta and eta \u27 photoproduction from the proton

Measurements of the linearly-polarized photon beam asymmetry Sigma for photoproduction from the proton of eta and eta \u27 mesons are reported. A linearly-polarized tagged photon beam produced by coherent bremsstrahlung was incident on a cryogenic hydrogen target within the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. Results are presented for the gamma p -\u3e eta p reaction for incident photon energies from 1.070 to 1.876 GeV, and from 1.516 to 1.836 GeV for the gamma p -\u3e eta \u27 p reaction. For gamma p -\u3e eta p, the data reported here considerably extend the range of measurements to higher energies, and are consistent with the few previously published measurements for this observable near threshold. For gamma p -\u3e eta \u27 p, the results obtained are consistent with the few previously published measurements for this observable near threshold, but also greatly expand the incident photon energy coverage for that reaction. Initial analysis of the data reported here with the Bonn-Gatchina model strengthens the evidence for four nucleon resonances - the N(1895)1/2(-), N(1900)3/2(+), N(2100)1/2(+) and N(2120)3/2(-) resonances which presently lack the four-star status in the current Particle Data Group compilation, providing examples of how these new measurements help refine models of the photoproduction process. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Early Experience in the Treatment of Intra-Cranial Aneurysms by Endovascular Flow Diversion: A Multicentre Prospective Study

INTRODUCTION: Flow diversion is a new approach to the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms which uses a high density mesh stent to induce sac thrombosis. These devices have been designed for the treatment of complex shaped and large size aneurysms. So far published safety and efficacy data on this approach is sparse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over 8 months, standardized clinical and angiographic data were collected on 70 patients treated with a flow diverter device (SILK flow diverter (SFD)) in 18 centres worldwide. Treatment and early follow up details were audited centrally. SFDs were deployed alone in 57 (81%) or with endosaccular coils in 10 (14%) aneurysms, which included: 44 (63%) saccular, 26 (37%) fusiform shapes and 18 (26%) small, 37 (53%) large, 15 (21%) giant sizes. Treatment outcome data up to 30 days were reported for all patients, with clinical (50 patients) and imaging (49 patients) follow up (median 119 days) data available. RESULTS: Difficulties in SFD deployment were reported in 15 (21%) and parent artery thrombosis in 8 (11%) procedures. Procedural complications caused stroke in 1 and serious extracranial bleeding in 3 patients; 2 of whom developed fatal pneumonias. Delayed worsening of symptoms occurred in 5 patients (3 transient, 1 permanent neurological deficit, and 1 death) and fatal aneurysm bleeding in 1 patient. Overall permanent morbidity rates were 2 (4%) and mortality 4 (8%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between complications and variables related to treated aneurysm morphology or rupture status. CONCLUSION: This series is the largest reporting outcome of the new treatment approach and provides data for future study design. Procedural difficulties in SFD deployment were frequent and anti-thrombosis prophylaxis appears to reduce the resulting clinical sequelae, but at the cost of morbidity due to extracranial bleeding. Delayed morbidity appears to be a consequence of the new approach and warrants care in selecting patients for treatment and future larger studies

Methylphenidate Exposure Induces Dopamine Neuron Loss and Activation of Microglia in the Basal Ganglia of Mice

Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) is a psychostimulant that exerts its pharmacological effects via preferential blockade of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET), resulting in increased monoamine levels in the synapse. Clinically, methylphenidate is prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy; although lately, there has been an increased incidence of its use in individuals not meeting the criteria for these disorders. MPH has also been misused as a ‘‘cognitive enhancer’ ’ and as an alternative to other psychostimulants. Here, we investigate whether chronic or acute administration of MPH in mice at either 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg, affects cell number and gene expression in the basal ganglia. Methodology/Principal Findings: Through the use of stereological counting methods, we observed a significant reduction (,20%) in dopamine neuron numbers in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) following chronic administration of 10 mg/kg MPH. This dosage of MPH also induced a significant increase in the number of activated microglia in the SNpc. Additionally, exposure to either 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg MPH increased the sensitivity of SNpc dopaminergic neurons to the parkinsonian agent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Unbiased gene screening employing Affymetrix GeneChipH HT MG-430 PM revealed changes in 115 and 54 genes in the substantia nigra (SN) of mice exposed to 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg MPH doses, respectively. Decreases in the mRNA levels of gdnf, dat1, vmat2, and th in the substantia nigr

Synthesis of Well-Defined, Surfactant-Free Co₃O₄ Nanoparticles:The Impact of Size and Manganese Promotion on Co₃O₄ Reduction and Water Oxidation Activity

Abstract: A surfactant-free synthetic route has been developed to produce size-controlled, cube-like cobalt oxide nanoparticles of three different sizes in high yields. It was found that by using sodium nitrite as salt-mediating agent, near-quantitative yields could be obtained. The size of the nanoparticles could be altered from 11 to 22 nm by changing the cobalt concentration and reaction time. These surfactant-free nanoparticles form ideal substrates for facile deposition of further elements such as manganese. The effect of size of the cobalt oxide nanoparticles and the presence of manganese on the reducibility of cobalt oxide to metallic cobalt was investigated. Similarly, the effect of these parameters was investigated with a visible light promoted water oxidation system with cobalt oxide as catalyst, together with [Ru(bpy) 3] 2+ light harvester dye and an electron acceptor. Graphical Abstract: A novel surfactant-free synthetic route has been developed to produce size-controlled, cube shaped cobalt oxide nanoparticles in high yields. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. </p