DESIGN, PREPARATION, AND EVALUATION OF SELF-MICROEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF BAMBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of bambuterol hydrochloride was designed, prepared, and evaluated to overcome the problem of poor bioavailability.Methods: The designing of the formulation included the selection of oil phase, surfactant, and cosolvent/cosurfactant based on the saturated solubility studies. Psuedoternary phase diagram was constructed using aqueous titration method, to identify the self-emulsifying region. Different ratios of the selected surfactant and cosolvent/cosurfactant (Smix) were also studied and used to construct the ternary phase diagram. The prepared formulations of the SMEDDS were evaluated for drug content, morphology, globule size, robustness to dilution, emulsification time, optical clarity, and stability.Results: The formulation containing 10 mg bambuterol hydrochloride, triacetin (12.50% w/w), Tween 80 (43.75% w/w), and ethanol (43.75% w/w) was concluded to be optimized. The optimized SMEDDS not only showed optimum globule size, zeta potential, and drug content but was also found to be robust to dilution, formed emulsion spontaneously, and was stable. The optimized SMEDDS showed increased permeability of the drug across the intestinal membrane in ex vivo studies.Conclusion: The results suggest that bambuterol hydrochloride can be formulated as self-microemulsifying drug delivery system, and further, SMEDDS can be used to improve the oral bioavailability of bambuterol hydrochloride

Comparative study between transcervical extra-amniotic Foley’s bulb and prostaglandin E2 gel for pre-induction cervical ripening

Background: Induction of labor is an artificial initiation of uterine activity before the spontaneous onset of labor with the aim of achieving vaginal delivery. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods have been studied for the purpose.Methods: This randomized prospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Seth V. C. Gandhi & M. A. Vora Municipal General Hospital (Rajawadi Hospital), Mumbai from June 2019 to April 2020. It included pregnant patients admitted to the labor ward for induction of labor. A total 200 women were recruited and randomly allocated to the two study groups fulfilling the following selection criteria. Of these, 100 women were included in Foley's catheter group (group A) and 100 in (group B) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) group.  Results: The subjects included mainly were of 24-28 years age group. The period of gestation was 37-42 weeks in majority of the women in both the groups. Maximum numbers of women in both groups were primigravidae, being 66% in group A and 70% in group B. Foley catheter proved to be a highly effective pre-induction ripening agent for unfavorable cervix, compared to PGE2 gel, as evident by the mean Bishop score at 12 hours (p<0.05) and by the difference in change of Bishop score over 12 hours (p<0.05) in both groups A and B. Women in both the groups had a high rate of normal vaginal delivery, rate being significantly more in Foley’s group.Conclusions: This study concludes that extra-amniotic Foley’s catheter balloon is an effective, safe, simple, low cost, reversible, non-pharmacological mechanical method of pre-induction cervical ripening

Energy Efficiency Based Load Balancing Optimization Routing Protocol In 5G Wireless Communication Networks

A significant study area in cloud computing that still requires attention is how to distribute the workload among virtual machines and resources. Main goal of this research is to develop an efficient cloud load balancing approach, improve response time, decrease readiness time, maximise source utilisation, and decrease activity rejection time. This research propose novel technique in load balancing based network optimization using routing protocol for 5G wireless communication networks. the network load balancing has been carried out using cloud based software defined multi-objective optimization routing protocol. then the network security has been enhanced by data classification utilizing deep belief Boltzmann NN. Experimental analysis has been carried out based on load balancing and security data classification in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, energy efficiency, latency, accuracy, precision, recall

Wild Halophyte Plants as Potential Fodder Resource under Extreme Saline Environment of Kachchh, Gujarat, India

Rann of Kachchh in North West India is a unique saline marshy desert. It is described as a desolate area of unrelieved, sun-baked saline clay desert, shimmering with the images of a perpetual mirage (Mountfort et al., 1991) and is regarded as the largest salt desert in the world. In the Indian part it stretches in 7505.22 sq. km known as Great Rann and 4,953 sq. km known as Little Rann. The Ranns turns into marshy land by inundated water from runoff during monsoonal rainfall and water driven by forces of winds and tides from Arabian Sea making the area unapproachable especially during June to September and in reminder of months the area remain as a hyper saline desert. Even at these extreme saline conditions certain halophytic plants come up from the native seed bank/ roots once the water gets evaporated as these plants possess some mechanisms to survive salinity even higher than that of sea water (Goswami et al., 2014). Some of these plants are grazed by livestock of the area. Due to uncontrolled grazing by ever increasing livestock population and increasing demand for fuel wood, in these deserts the natural diversity of these halophytes are at stake (Arndt et al., 2004). Information on the diversity of halophytes in the hyper saline desert in relation to varying degree of salinization is not available. Therefore the present study was undertaken to study the distribution of halophyte grasses and non-grasses in Great Rann of Kachchh and their usefulness as fodder resource

An Emerging Trend in Tablet Technology:- Floating Tablets of Ranitidine HCl

The rationale of this research was to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system of Ranitidine HCL. Floating Drug delivery system used to target drug release in the stomach or to the upper part of the intestine. The oral delivery of Ranitidine is tested by preparing a non-disintegrating floating dosage form, which increase its absorption in the stomach by increasing the drug’s gastric residence time. The polymer PVC and Sodium bicarbonate was used as the gas–generating agents. Sodium bicarbonate causes the tablets to floats for more then 24hr. The prepared tablets were evaluated on their physicochemical properties and drug release characters. In-vitro release studies indicate that the Ranitidine release form the floating dosage form was uniform followed zero order release. A combination of sodium bicarbonate (70mg) and citric acid (15mg) was found to achieve Optimum in vitro buoyancy. The tablets with methocel K100 were found to float for longer duration of time as compared to formulations containing methocel K15M. The drug release from the tablets was sufficiently sustained.Keywords: Ranitidine; Floating tablets; Methoce

Lightening Driven Wind Turbines Blade Damages

Lightning-induced damages to wind turbine blades are widely recognized as severe and can result in unplanned plant shutdowns. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate the different causes of blade damage and categorize them based on their severity and other relevant factors. By conducting a comprehensive study on the classification of damage characteristics caused by wind turbine blades, taking into account various causes and protective measures, this research aims to provide valuable insights for individuals involved in wind turbine design, construction, and operation. Specifically focusing on damages caused by lightning strikes, this paper also proposes several potential countermeasures to safeguard the blades

A New Symmetrical Cascaded Single Phase H Bridge Inverter With Reduced Switch Count

An imaginative multilevel inverter topology is presented with the intent of deploy few series connected switches, ameliorate modularity and derogatory voltage stress collate to unremarkable topologies which is published in literature [1] and [2]. This paper mainly focuses on symmetrical configuration. Modified sinusoidal pulse width modulation (MSPWM) technique is developed in this paper with less number of carrier requirement compared to traditional sinusoidal pulse width modulation. This generalized structure and MSPWM technique will give the advantage of less cost of device, compact size

Electroosmosis modulated peristaltic biorheological flow through an asymmetric microchannel : mathematical model

A theoretical study is presented of peristaltic hydrodynamics of an aqueous electrolytic nonNewtonian Jeffrey bio-rheological fluid through an asymmetric microchannel under an applied axial electric field. An analytical approach is adopted to obtain the closed form solution for velocity, volumetric flow, pressure difference and stream function. The analysis is also restricted under the low Reynolds number assumption and lubrication theory approximations. Debye-Hückel linearization (i.e. wall zeta potential ≤ 25mV) is also considered. Streamline plots are also presented for the different electro-osmotic parameter, varying magnitudes of the electric field (both aiding and opposing cases) and for different values of the ratio of relaxation to retardation time parameter. Comparisons are also included between the Newtonian and general non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid cases. The results presented here may be of fundamental interest towards designing lab-on-a-chip devices for flow mixing, cell manipulation, micro-scale pumps etc. Trapping is shown to be more sensitive to an electric field (aiding, opposing and neutral) rather than the electro-osmotic parameter and viscoelastic relaxation to retardation ratio parameter. The results may also help towards the design of organ-on-a-chip like devices for better drug design