Feminismos de dos orillas: Rosario Ferré y Sylvia Plath

Con este artículo se pretende establecer un parangón entre algunos de los poemas del libro Ariel (1963), de la poeta norteamericana Sylvia Plath, y los que aparecen en la miscelánea Papeles de Pandora (1976), de la puertorriqueña Rosario Ferré. El hilo conductor que vertebra nuestra comparación es la asunción alternativa por parte de las autoras de dos etapas por las que Kristeva entiende que han transcurrido los movimientos feministas, esto es: a) Rechazo a un orden simbólico masculino en nombre de la diferencia sexual. Feminismo radical. Exaltación de la feminidad; b) Negación de la dicotomía metafísica entre lo masculino y lo femenino. Este principio axial nos servirá para enlazar propuestas comunes tanto de estilo como de contenido. Para concluir, se revisa la potencialidad de subvertir el lenguaje mismo como factor de opresión, haciendo de él una herramienta para la resistencia feminista.Peer reviewe

Functions, organization and etiology. A reply to Artiga and Martinez

International audienceWe reply to Artiga and Martinez's claim according to which the organizational account of cross-generation functions implies a backward looking interpretation of etiology, just as standard etiological theories of function do. We argue that Artiga and Martinez's claim stems from a fundamental misunderstanding about the notion of " closure " , on which the organizational account relies. In particular, they incorrectly assume that the system, which is relevant for ascribing cross-generation organizational function, is the lineage. In contrast, we recall that organizational closure refers to a relational description of a network of mutual dependencies, abstracted from time, in which production relations are irrelevant. From an organizational perspective, ascribing a function to an entity means locating it in the abstract system that realizes closure. In particular, the position of each entity within the relational system conveys an etiological explanation of its existence, because of its dependence on the effects exerted by other entities subject to closure. Because of the abstract relational nature of closure, we maintain that the organizational account of functions does not endorse a backward looking interpretation of etiology. As a consequence, it does not fall prey of epiphenomenalism

Variation of bone mineral density induced by exercise in postmenopausal women

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la variación de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en columna lumbar (CL) y cuello femoral (CF).MÉTODO: 77 mujeres con osteopenia y menopausia, formaron cuatro grupos. Dos con ejercicio físico: uno tratamiento de estrógeno/Calcitonina (n=16), y otro ingesta de Calcio/Vitamina D (n=7). Dos sin ejercicio físico, uno tratamiento estrógeno/Calcitonina (n=27) y otro ingesta Calcio/Vitamina D (n=27). El ejercicio consistió en Fuerza Muscular (65% a 75% de 1RM) y multisaltos de baja a moderada intensidad. La DMO se midió mediante absorciometría. RESULTADOS: En ANOVA 2x2 se encontró homogeneidad (p<0,05) en la DMO tanto en CL y CF entre los tratamientos farmacológicos y nutricionales, heterogeneidad entre los grupos activos y sedentarios (CL p<0,05, CF p<0,01) y heterogeneidad en la interacción (p<0,01) de ambos tratamientos con el ejercicio físico. CONCLUSIONES: El ejercicio físico programado junto con los tratamientos habituales conduce a un mayor incremento de la DMO de en mujeres postmenopáusicasOBJECTIVE: Assess the variation of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Lumbar Spine (LS) and Femoral Neck (FN). METHOD: 77 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Four groups, two groups with exercise: one Estrogen/Calcitonin treatment (n=16), another supplement Calcium/Vitamin D (n=7); two groups without exercise, one Estrogen/Calcitonin treatment (n=27), and another supplement Calcium/Vitamin D (n=27). The exercise program consisted of resistance training (65% to 75% 1RM) and multi-jumps of low-to-moderate intensity. The BMD was evaluated by absorptiometry. RESULTS. ANOVA 2x2, homogeneity (p<0,05) in the BMD in both LS and FN between the pharmacological and nutritional treatments, and heterogeneity between the active and sedentary groups (LS p <0,05, FN p<0,01) as also in the interaction (p<0,01) of the pharmacological/nutritional treatments with the physical exercise were found. CONCLUSION. Physical exercise program with the usual treatments, lead to a greater increase in the BMD of LS and FN in postmenopausal wome

Comparison of a proprioceptive training program on stable base and unstable base

The aim is to compare two proprioceptive training programs on a stable (G1) and an unstable (G2) base in terms of balance and stability. During a 5 week period, 18 professional football players underwent a proprioceptive training program, 9 in G1 and the other 9 in G2. The Standard Excursion Balance Test was applied before and after the intervention program. Significant intragroup differences were found in the variables LEFT FRONT, ANTEROLATERAL LEFT (ANTLAT.LEFT), BACK RIGHT and ANTEROMEDIAL RIGHT (ANTMED.RIGHT) (p<0,005) for the G1, and FRONT RIGHT, FRONT LEFT, POSTMED.RIGHT, POSTMED.LEFT and MED.RIGHT (p <0,005) for G2. We conclude that there are no significant differences between the unstable base training and training stable base regarding improvement in balance and stability.Actividad Física y Deport

Emerging issues and methodological advances in fisheries reproductive biology

Although incorporating detailed reproductive data into all stock assessments is not a practical goal, the need to understand how reproductive biology affects population productivity is being increasingly recognized. More research focused on reproductive biology—coupled with a shift towards a resilience perspective in fisheries science—is resulting in challenges to many long-held assumptions; the emergence of important new issues; and identification of the need to improve data and methods used in reproductive studies. Typically, data for reproductive studies are based on an assessment of gonadal development, which is most accurately evaluated with histology. This special section of Marine and Coastal Fisheries contains contributions from a workshop on the gonadal histology of fishes that was held in Cadiz, Spain, during June 2009. These papers cover a wide range of species and reproductive topics while introducing improved and new histological techniques. In this introduction, we address the following needs: (1) to employ standardization, thereby improving our ability to conduct comparative studies; (2) to better understand patterns of gonadal development and spawning events over time; and (3) to move beyond the spawning stock biomass paradigm. We identify the contributions of special section papers to these topics and conclude by suggesting needsThis workshop was jointly sponsored by FRESH (COST Action FA0601; www.fresh-cost.org) and the AFS Marine Fisheries Section.Peer reviewe

Spin Structure of the Proton from Polarized Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Muon-Proton Scattering

We have measured the spin-dependent structure function $g_1^p$ in inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of polarized muons off polarized protons, in the kinematic range $0.003 < x < 0.7$ and $1 GeV^2 < Q^2 < 60 GeV^2$. A next-to-leading order QCD analysis is used to evolve the measured $g_1^p(x,Q^2)$ to a fixed $Q^2_0$. The first moment of $g_1^p$ at $Q^2_0 = 10 GeV^2$ is $\Gamma^p = 0.136\pm 0.013(stat.) \pm 0.009(syst.)\pm 0.005(evol.)$. This result is below the prediction of the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule by more than two standard deviations. The singlet axial charge $a_0$ is found to be $0.28 \pm 0.16$. In the Adler-Bardeen factorization scheme, $\Delta g \simeq 2$ is required to bring $\Delta \Sigma$ in agreement with the Quark-Parton Model. A combined analysis of all available proton and deuteron data confirms the Bjorken sum rule.Comment: 33 pages, 22 figures, uses ReVTex and smc.sty. submitted to Physical Review

Observation of J/ψpJ/\psi p resonances consistent with pentaquark states in Λb0→J/ψK−p{\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi K^-p} decays

Observations of exotic structures in the $J/\psi p$ channel, that we refer to as pentaquark-charmonium states, in $\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi K^- p$ decays are presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3/fb acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions. An amplitude analysis is performed on the three-body final-state that reproduces the two-body mass and angular distributions. To obtain a satisfactory fit of the structures seen in the $J/\psi p$ mass spectrum, it is necessary to include two Breit-Wigner amplitudes that each describe a resonant state. The significance of each of these resonances is more than 9 standard deviations. One has a mass of $4380\pm 8\pm 29$ MeV and a width of $205\pm 18\pm 86$ MeV, while the second is narrower, with a mass of $4449.8\pm 1.7\pm 2.5$ MeV and a width of $39\pm 5\pm 19$ MeV. The preferred $J^P$ assignments are of opposite parity, with one state having spin 3/2 and the other 5/2.Comment: 48 pages, 18 figures including the supplementary material, v2 after referee's comments, now 19 figure

Observation of the decay Bc→J/ψK+K−π+B_c \rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- \pi^+

The decay $B_c\rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- \pi^+$ is observed for the first time, using proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb$^{-1}$. A signal yield of $78\pm14$ decays is reported with a significance of 6.2 standard deviations. The ratio of the branching fraction of \B_c \rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- \pi^+ decays to that of $B_c \rightarrow J/\psi \pi^+$ decays is measured to be $0.53\pm 0.10\pm0.05$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure

Study of B−→DK−π+π−B^{-}\to DK^-\pi^+\pi^- and B−→Dπ−π+π−B^-\to D\pi^-\pi^+\pi^- decays and determination of the CKM angle γ\gamma

We report a study of the suppressed $B^-\to DK^-\pi^+\pi^-$ and favored $B^-\to D\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ decays, where the neutral $D$ meson is detected through its decays to the $K^{\mp}\pi^{\pm}$ and CP-even $K^+K^-$ and $\pi^+\pi^-$ final states. The measurement is carried out using a proton-proton collision data sample collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0~fb$^{-1}$. We observe the first significant signals in the CP-even final states of the $D$ meson for both the suppressed $B^-\to DK^-\pi^+\pi^-$ and favored $B^-\to D\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ modes, as well as in the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed $D\to K^+\pi^-$ final state of the $B^-\to D\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ decay. Evidence for the ADS suppressed decay $B^{-}\to DK^-\pi^+\pi^-$, with $D\to K^+\pi^-$, is also presented. From the observed yields in the $B^-\to DK^-\pi^+\pi^-$, $B^-\to D\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ and their charge conjugate decay modes, we measure the value of the weak phase to be $\gamma=(74^{+20}_{-19})^{\rm o}$. This is one of the most precise single-measurement determinations of $\gamma$ to date.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures; All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-020.htm