Flight Planning with Respect to Meteorological Conditions

The paper “Flight planning with respect to meteorological conditions” describes how flight planning in commercial air transport depends on meteorological conditions. In first part, the article describes satellite products for meteorological analyses such as IR technologies. In next parts authors are talking about thunderstorm, icing and volcanic ash detection methods in atmosphere. In the last part of the paper are shown some modern diagnostic system for identifying dangerous meteorological phenomena and their potential for flight panning

Construction and Safety Aspects of Glass Used in Aviation Transport

Glass is an essential component of several sectors which significantly form our present-day economy. These include machining, the chemical industry, the electrotechnology industry, construction, the automobile industry, the aviation industry and many others. The aim of this article is to provide some detail about and explain the technology used for manufacturing glass which is subsequently used in the automobile and aviation industries and the specific adaptations which help to improve its characteristics. A general trend is increasing the share of final products having high added value, which is done by finishing glass with special processes of surface modifications, mechanical treatment and thermodynamic processes with targeted special traits, including a wide scale of functional coatings

Optimisation of urine sample preparation for shotgun proteomics

Urine reflects the renal function and urinary and kidney systems, but it may also reflect the presence of cancer in other parts of the body. Urine also has potential for providing prognostic information during therapeutic treatments thanks to non-invasive monitoring. A quick and reproducible protein purification procedure is essential to allow data comparison between proteomic studies in urine biomarker discovery. The article describes a simple, reproducible and cheap sample preparation procedure with a maximum protein yield (400 µg) obtained from only 10 mL of urine utilising cut-off filter desalting and digestion. The reported procedure removes yellowish background coloration residues and thus prevents the errors in spectrophotometric protein concentration determination. Different extraction solvents used in the presented procedure point to the possibility of partial elimination of abundant proteins (albumin and keratin family), as well as to the improvement of the sequence coverage of proteins identified, which helps to reveal changes in the urinary proteome. With this workflow, proteins can be easily obtained on standard laboratory equipment within 3 h. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019738

Influence of D-Glucose on Lipid Solid Support Membrane System as Attempt for Biosensing of Medically Relevant Molecules

The influence of D-glucose on a lipid solid support system with the aid of impedance spectrocopy as a preliminary attempt for the biosensing of medical relevant molecules was studied. In spite of some shortcomings, s-BLM's proved to be an appropriate model for the study of lipid membrane – D-glucose interactions. The shortcomings were the roughness of the metal support, and the lack of homogeneity in the monolayer or multilayer lipid structures

Diagnostic Test Accuracy of First-Void Urine Human Papillomaviruses for Presence Cervical HPV in Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

First-void urine usually contains exfoliated cells of the debris and mucus from the female genital organs and cervix, i.e., high concentration of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA). We conducted a meta-analysis of published data and determined an accuracy of HPV detection in first-void urine compared to the women’s cervix. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we carried out a comprehensive literature search. Eligible articles published from 2011 until 2021 were gathered by searching Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library Central databases. The patient selection, index test, standard test, and patient flow were the factors involved in quality evaluation. A meta-analysis of 15 studies (3412 women) based on 5054 potential records was conducted. Pooled sensitivity for high-risk HPV detection in urine of 78% (70–84%) and specificity of 89% (81–94%) were calculated. Any HPV detection in urine of 87% (74–94%) and 91% (83–96%) were pooled sensitivity and specificity, respectively. HPV 16 and 18 had a pooled sensitivity of 77% (76–77%) and specificity of 98% (98–98%). Meta-analysis indicated variations between the pooled specificities and sensitivities. In meta-regression analysis, a heterogeneity in accuracy by using covariates (bias in patient selection, purpose, sample timing, storage temperature and HPV detection method) were not detected. Our meta-analysis demonstrates the accuracy of detection of HPV in urine for the presence of cervical HPV. Although progress is continuously made in urinary HPV detection, further studies are needed to evaluate and to improve the accuracy of the first-void urine test in order to be comparable with other screening methods

Salivary protein roles in oral health and as predictors of caries risk

This work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy

MALDI-TOF/MS Profiling of Whole Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients with the Invisalign System and Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

The movement of teeth by orthodontic treatment with the Invisalign (IN) system and fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) is characterized by the reconstruction of periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and gingiva. A reflection of these phenomena can be found in the composition of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). A total of 90 samples from 45 participants (45 whole saliva and 45 GCF), including 15 patients with FOA, 15 patients with IN, and 15 patients with oral health, were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis. Mass fingerprints were generated for each sample. Three models were tested: a quick classifier (QC), a genetic algorithm (GA), and a supervised neural network (SNN). For both groups of samples (saliva and GCF), the GA model showed the highest recognition abilities of 88.89% (saliva) and 95.56% (GCF). Differences between the treated (FOA and IN) groups and the control group in saliva and GCF samples were determined using cluster analysis. In addition, we monitored the effect of long-term orthodontic treatment (after 6 months) in the lag phase of orthodontic tooth movement. The results show increased levels of inflammatory markers (α-defensins), which may indicate an ongoing inflammatory process even after 21 days from force application

RHOA and mDia1 promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells via a high dose of doxorubicin treatment

Transforming RhoA proteins (RHOA) and their downstream Diaphanous homolog 1 proteins (DIAPH1) or mDia1 participate in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton which plays critical role in cells, i.e., morphologic changes and apoptosis

Proteomic and bioinformatics analysis of human saliva for the dental-risk assessment

Background: Dental caries disease is a dynamic process with a multi-factorial etiology. It is manifested by demineralization of enamel followed by damage spreading into the tooth inner structure. Successful early diagnosis could identify caries-risk and improve dental screening, providing a baseline for evaluating personalized dental treatment and prevention strategies. Methodology: Salivary proteome of the whole unstimulated saliva (WUS) samples was assessed in caries-free and caries-susceptible individuals of older adolescent age with permanent dentition using a nano-HPLC and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Results: 554 proteins in the caries-free and 695 proteins in the caries-susceptible group were identified. Assessment using bioinformatics tools and Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis revealed qualitative differences between these two proteomes. Members of the caries-susceptible group exhibited a branch of cytokine binding gene products responsible for the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections. Inspection of molecular functions and biological processes of caries-susceptible saliva samples revealed significant categories predominantly related to the activity of proteolytic peptidases, and the regulation of metabolic and catabolic processes of carbohydrates. Conclusions: Proteomic analysis of the whole saliva revealed information about potential risk factors associated with the development of caries-susceptibility and provides a better understanding of tooth protection mechanisms

Differential Urinary Proteomic Analysis of High-Risk Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated lesions and malignancies exhibit alterations in the composition and functionality of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that represent the complex molecular pathways present between infection and disease. A total of 20 urine samples were used, including from 10 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) and 10 healthy controls to perform the label-free quantitative analysis using the nano-HPLC and ESI-MS ion trap mass analyzer and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) fast screening. Among 476 identified/quantified proteins, 48 were significantly changed (log2-fold change ≥1.0 or ≤−1.0, −log10 (bbinominal, p-value ≥ 1.3), of which were 40 proteins (down-regulated) and 8 proteins (up-regulated) in CIN3, in comparison to healthy controls. The biological function and key pathway enrichment of the gene set using gen set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were analyzed. The ECM-receptor interaction pathway (NES = −1.64, p = 0.026) was down-regulated by 13 proteins (HSPG2, COL6A1, COL6A3, SPP1, THBS1, TNC, DAG1, FN1, COMP, GP6, VTN, SDC1, and CD44; log2 FC range from −0.03 to −1.48) for the CIN3 group in the KEGG database. The MALDI-TOF/MS screening showed the difference of protein profiles between the control and CIN3 groups, i.e., using the scatter plot with a well-separated shape, as well as effectively distinguishing both groups (control and CIN3) using genetic algorithms (GA) with cross-validation (51.56%) and recognition capability (95.0%). Decreased levels of ECM-receptor interaction proteins may cause disturbances in the interactions of cells with the ECM and play an important role in the development and progression of cervical cancer