Soba Upper- Draught Hoff-Mann Kiln Temperature Distribution

This study aimed to convert the operation of Soba circular kiln, the top-fired one, with the suction of hot gases up-wards (upper- draught kiln), to the way of suction of heat down-wards (down-draught kiln) in order to draw and distribute the high concentrated quantity of heat at the kiln top-crown down- wards to the bottom of the kiln, and allover of it as much as possible. Suction-pipes of special specifications was used to link between the bottom of the kiln and the main exhaust suction-pipes system in order to draw the hot gases concentrated at the kiln top-crown, down-wards to the bottom of the kiln. Extensive field work and laboratory studies had been carried out during this study achieved a consistent results and finding lead to a good high quantity and quality of fired red bricks

Study of the relationship between organizational commitment and individual work performance: Case of employees in the automotive sector in Morocco

The search for performance engages managers in a process of continuous improvement in several areas. These include prospecting for new customers, retaining existing customers, innovation, etc. However, managers are aware that the room for maneuver on these aspects remains very limited. In this sense, several studies have shown that human resources are a real differentiating factor for the company in a highly competitive market. Consequently, managers must take actions aimed at employees in order to increase their motivation and involvement at work. In this perspective, our research work consists in exploring the relationship between organizational commitment and individual work performance, and tries to provide managers with an idea on the mechanisms able to improve the performance of their employees through the development of their commitment to the organization. To this end, we administered a survey to 480 employees in the automotive sector in the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra region. The structural equation model method was used to explore the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. The results show that organizational commitment has a positive effect on individual work performance. JEL classification: L20, O15 Type paper: empirical researchLa recherche de la performance engage les dirigeants dans des processus d’amélioration continus visant plusieurs axes. Parmi les axes on trouve la prospection de nouveaux clients, la fidélisation des clients existants, l’innovation, etc. Cependant, les dirigeants sont conscients que la marge de manœuvre sur ces aspects reste très limitée. Dans ce sens, plusieurs études ont montré que les ressources humaines constituent un réel facteur de différenciation de l’entreprise dans un marché en pleine compétitivité. Dès lors, les dirigeants doivent mener des actions à destination des employés en vue de croitre leur motivation et leur implication au travail. Classification JEL : L20, O15 Type du papier : Article empirique Dans cette perspective, nous travail de recherche consiste à explorer la relation entre l’engagement organisationnel et la performance individuelle au travail, et tente de fournir aux dirigeants une idée sur les mécanismes en mesure d’améliorer la performance de leurs employés à travers le développement de leur engagement envers l’organisation. Pour ce faire, nous avons administré un questionnaire à 480 employés du secteur automobile de la région Rabat-Salé-Kénitra. La méthode du modèle des équations structurelles a été utilisée pour explorer les relations entre les variables indépendantes et dépendantes. Les résultats montrent, en effet, que l’engagement organisationnel agit positivement sur la performance individuelle au travail

Modelisation Du Risque D’érosion Hydrique Par L’équation Universelle Des Pertes En Terre Dans Le Rif Occidental: Cas Du Bassin Versant De Moulay Bouchta (Maroc)

Soil erosion causes many environmental and socio-economic problems: loss of biodiversity, decrease in the productivity of agricultural land, siltation of dams and increased risk of flooding. It is therefore essential to establish a detailed evaluation of this process before any spatial planning. To evaluate the effects of soil erosion spatially and quantitatively in order to face this phenomenon, and propose the best conservation and land development strategies, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) is applied. This model is a multiplication of the five erosion factors: the erosivity of the rain, the erodibility of the soil, the inclination and the slope length, the vegetation cover and the anti-erosion practices. The study area is the Moulay Bouchta watershed (7 889 ha), which is located in the western part of the Rif Mountains, is characterized by a complex and contrasting landscape. The resulting soil loss map shows an average erosion rate of 39.5 (t/ha/yr), 87% of the basin has an erosion rate above the tolerance threshold for soil loss (7 (t/ha/yr)). Soil losses per subbasin range from 16.2 to 81.4 (t/ha/yr). The amount of eroded soil is estimated at 311,591 (t/yr), corresponding to a specific degradation of 12.1 (t/ha/yr). In the absence of any erosion control, 25% of the soil losses would reach the new dam located a little upstream of the basin outlet, reducing its water mobilization capacity to 59,625 (m3/yr). The application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to soil erosion factors shows a significant influence of topographic factor (LS) on soil erosion process, followed by the effect of support practices (P), then by soil erodibility (K)

KONSEP NEGARA ISLAM TUAN GURU DATO’ NIK ABDUL AZIZ NIK MAT

Setiap muslim khasnya pecinta Islam sepatutnya dibekalkan dengan ilmu yang cukup memahami konsep negara lslam dan tuntutannya. Para ulama terdahulu telah memainkam peranan masing-masing dalam menerangkan konsep ini. Sekarang, ulama semasa pula perlu tampil ke depan dan memberikan pandangan bagaimanakah cara terbaik untuk merealisasikan konsep itu dalam masyarakat yang telah dijauhkan dengan Islam. Dewasa ini sukar sekali bagi kita melihat pelaksanaan syariat Islam dilaksanakan. Keadilan Islam hanya dapat dibaca dalam karya dan tulisan para ahli sejarah Islam saja. Kisah para Rasul dan Khalifah ar-Rasyidun melaksanakan syariat Islam sekadar menjadi bahan sejarah saja. Keyakinan terhadap keadilan Islam hanya bersifat teori tanpa praktikal merupakan suatu yang bahaya kepada keimanan umat Islam. Penelitian ini yang menumpukan kepada Konsep Negara lslam adalah sangat tepat pada masanya. Pemilihan judul “Konsep Negara Islam Tuan Guru Dato Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat” mampu memberi pendedahan tentang kejayaan pelaksanaan Islam yang dilakukan oleh Tuan Guru Dato Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat selaku Kpala Negara di Negeri Kelantan, Malaysia. Penulis berharap agar tulisan ini dapat membantu masyarakat umum memahami persoalan negara lslam dengan lebih baik lagi. Lantas menambah keyakinan dan keimanan bahwa pelaksanaan syariat Islam akan terus menjadi cita-cita umat Islam

Genèse et fondements théoriques de la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept rooted in the philanthropic and paternalistic traditions of American and European great bosses of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. If responsible practices go back so long, on both sides of the Atlantic, they have not been conceptualized in the same way. In Europe it is a "Hard Law" conception, companies are obliged to fulfill their responsibilities under coercion of legal sanctions for offenders. In the American context, it is a conception of "Soft Law" which is inspired by Protestant faith’s concepts. Companies voluntarily engage in responsible actions towards society. So, we can see charters, codes of conduct and ethics proliferation with almost no legal regulations established individually or within a sector branch. The first theorization of CSR dates back to the 1950s. Indeed, Howard Bowen's founding work "The Social Responsibilities of the Businessman" marked the entry of CSR as a field of study in academic research. Conceptualizations of the firm/society relationship have been attempts to find a compromise between the positive and negative externalities of firms on society. If the standard economics considers the first responsibility of a company is to make profit, the developments which followed took several directions, nevertheless the theory of the stakeholders had remained dominant by offering an analysis and discussion framework to both researchers and practitioners. This theory completed the first normative conceptual developments by proposing practical tools, with an operational scope, in order to allow issues, raised by CSR, integration in the strategic management of companies.   Keywords : Corporate Social Responsibility, stakeholders, economy, society. JEL classification : M14 Paper type : Theoretical articleLa Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE) est un concept ancré dans les traditions philanthropiques et paternalistes des grands patrons américains et européens de la fin du 19ème et du début 20ème siècle. Si des pratiques responsables remontent à aussi longtemps, de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, elles n’ont pas été conceptualisées de la même manière. En Europe il s’agit d’une conception « Hard Law », les entreprises sont obligées de s’acquitter de leurs responsabilités sous peine de sanctions juridiques. Dans le contexte américain, c’est d’une conception de « Soft Law » qu’il s’agit, imprégnée de concepts de la foi protestante. Les entreprises s’engagent volontairement dans des actions responsables et on voit la prolifération de chartes, de code de conduite et de déontologie sans presque aucune réglementation contraignante. La première théorisation de la RSE date des années 1950. En effet, l’ouvrage fondateur de Howard Bowen « The Social Responsabilites of the Businessman » a marqué l’entrée de la RSE comme champ d’études dans la recherche académique. Les conceptualisations de la relation entreprise/société ont été des tentatives de trouver un compromis entre les externalités positives et négatives de la première sur la deuxième. Si l’économie standard considère la première responsabilité d’une entreprise, c’est de faire du profit, les développements qui ont suivi celui de Bowen ont pris plusieurs directions, néanmoins la théorie des parties prenantes était restée dominante en offrant un cadre d’analyse et de discussion à la fois aux chercheurs et aux praticiens. Cette théorie a complété les premiers développements conceptuels normatifs et a proposé des outils pratiques à portée opérationnelle en vue de permettre l’intégration des problématiques soulevées par la RSE dans le management stratégique des entreprises.   Mots clés : Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises, parties prenantes, économie, société. Classification JEL : M14 Type du papier : Article théoriqu

Improved Algorithm for Pathological and Normal Voices Identification

There are a lot of papers on automatic classification between normal and pathological voices, but they have the lack in the degree of severity estimation of the identified voice disorders. Building a model of pathological and normal voices identification, that can also evaluate the degree of severity of the identified voice disorders among students. In the present work, we present an automatic classifier using acoustical measurements on registered sustained vowels /a/ and pattern recognition tools based on neural networks. The training set was done by classifying students’ recorded voices based on threshold from the literature. We retrieve the pitch, jitter, shimmer and harmonic-to-noise ratio values of the speech utterance /a/, which constitute the input vector of the neural network. The degree of severity is estimated to evaluate how the parameters are far from the standard values based on the percent of normal and pathological values. In this work, the base data used for testing the proposed algorithm of the neural network is formed by healthy and pathological voices from German database of voice disorders. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in a term of the accuracy (97.9%), sensitivity (1.6%), and specificity (95.1%). The classification rate is 90% for normal class and 95% for pathological class

Le Maroc truffier: la répartition géographique des truffes et truffes du désert et leur productivité

Truffles are an important natural resource for the rural economy in Morocco and can play an important role in relieving pressure on forest and pastoral resources. However, there is a lack of knowledge of their geographical distribution and as well as their productivity. A documentary analysis, field surveys, interviews and workshops with resource persons and forest and agricultural managers across the country have made it possible to draw up an inventory of existing species, their geographical distribution maps and productivity. Morocco has ten species of desert truffles of the genera Terfezia, Tirmania, Delastria, Picoa and Tuber, widespread in four main truffle areas: the forest of Maâmora, the Sahel of Doukkala-Abda, the North-East region and the Moroccan Sahara. Productivities are also variable between zones and within zones. They are influenced by the nature of the soil and the distribution of precipitation. The results obtained in cartographic form, a map of the geographical distribution of truffles and a productivity map, constitute a first step towards understanding the truffle potential and improving decision-making for the valuation of Moroccan truffles.  Keywords: Truffles, Desert truffles, Truffle areas, Oriental, Maâmora, Doukkala-Abda, Sahara, Morocco truffleLes truffes constituent au Maroc une ressource naturelle importante pour l’économie rurale et peuvent jouer un rôle important dans l’allégement de la pression sur les ressources forestières et pastorales. Cependant, on note un manque de connaissance de leur répartition géographique et moins encore de leur productivité. Une analyse documentaire, des prospections de terrain, des interviews et des ateliers avec des personnes ressources et des gestionnaires forestiers et d’agriculture à l’échelle du pays ont permis la réalisation d’un inventaire des espèces existantes, de leurs cartes de répartition géographique et de productivité. Le Maroc compte une dizaine d’espèces des truffes de désert des genres Terfezia, Tirmania, Delastria, Picoa et Tuber, répandues dans quatre principales zones trufficoles : la région Nord-Est, la forêt de la Maâmora, le Sahel Doukkala-Abda et le Sahara marocain. Les productivités sont variables entre les zones et à l’intérieur des zones. Elles sont influencées par la nature des sols et la répartition des précipitations.  Les résultats obtenus sous forme cartographique, une carte de répartition géographique des truffes et une carte de productivité, constituent un premier pas vers la connaissance du potentiel truffier et l’amélioration de la prise de décision pour la valorisation des truffes marocaines. Mots-clés : Truffes, Truffes du désert, Zones trufficoles, Oriental, Maâmora, Sahel Doukkala-Abda, Sahara, Maroc truffie