Expressivity in Youth Language and the Cinematographic Dramatization – a Challenge for Translation

This article presents some results of research in multimedia translation especially in the field of French-German contrastive description of film-subtitles. Our analysis is based on original dialogues and scripts of some of most popular films about the life in French suburbs; the transcriptions will be compared with the subtitled versions in German and in any cases with the dubbing-text. We aim to study the use of expressive and affective idioms in the French dialogs and their translational solutions chosen by the translators. Are discussed the ritual use of phraseological units like swear-words/maledictions, idioms of invectiveness and offences, verbal slanders but also specially connotated interjections and forms/terms of address to clarify their significations and functions. Adequate translation of this type of expressions is very important for the respect of the “aim” of those films.L’article présente les résultats des recherches dans le domaine de la traduction multimédia, en particulier ceux de la description contrastive du sous-titrage franco-allemand. Dans les analyses, nous sommes parti des dialogues originaux et des scénarios de quelques films français sur la banlieue parisienne. Les transcriptions sont comparées avec les versions allemandes sous-titrées. Dans certains cas, les versions doublées sont également considérées. L’objectif visé est d’étudier l’usage des expressions idiomatiques, expressives et affectives dans les textes français et de les comparer avec les « équivalents » choisis par les traducteurs. Il s’agit notamment de l’usage rituel des unités phraséologiques, telles les injures, insultes, jurons/formules juratoires, calomnies et gros mots ainsi que les interjections et termes d’adresse connotés, dont sont analysées les significations et les fonctions. La traduction adéquate de ce type de phrasèmes et d’expressions revêt une importance décisive pour rendre justice à « l’âme » de ces films.Publication financée par la Faculté de Philologie de l’Université de Lodz

Automobility in flux: More women and older drivers at the wheel

Having barely registered an increase at the beginning of the new millennium, during the economic upturn after 2009, there was significant growth in the mileage by registered motor vehicles in Germany, both in the case of utility vehicles and automobiles. Overall, in 2011, automobiles covered a higher mileage than ever before. Despite more efficient engines, this resulted in fuel consumption stagnating in recent years, although the long-term trend is one of decline. With an 85-percent share of total mileage, automobiles dominate our roads. This transport demand pattern is predominantly created by the needs of private households and it is currently in a state of flux when it comes to gender and age balance. Women's growing presence in education and on the labor market has, in turn, resulted in an increase in their car ownership and mileage. At the same time, men and women are maintaining a more mobile lifestyle by retaining their cars into older age. However, more limited car use has been observed, particularly among young people who, more frequently than previously, seem to be opting for the most suitable form of transport rather than traveling exclusively in their own vehicles

Quantification and mapping of the nutrient regulation ecosystem service demand on a local scale

In this study, the nutrient regulation ecosystem service (ES) demand was quantified and mapped in an agriculturally-dominated landscape in the federal German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The demand was assessed in a case study area on an individual field scale. As an indicator for the nutrient regulation ecosystem service demand, nitrogen budgets were calculated. The assessment includes a comparison of an agriculturally calculated nitrogen budget to an ecologically calculated nitrogen budget. The agricultural calculation is based on legal regulations and considers volatile nitrogen losses from fertilizers, whereas the ecological calculation incorporates the total amount of nitrogen and includes also the atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Furthermore, the positive effects of additional agricultural practices on the nutrient regulation ES demand were identified. The spatial distribution of the nutrient regulation ES demand was compared to the distribution of the nitrate leaching and denitrification potential in order to analyse the relative vulnerability of individual fields to nutrient oversupply. The findings of this study, which highlight in particular the suitability of enlarged crop rotation systems, can be used to support sustainable agricultural practices and land management strategies on the local sale. EDITED BY Christine Fürst

Working Memory Training Effects on White Matter Integrity in Young and Older Adults

Objectives: Working memory is essential for daily life skills like reading comprehension, reasoning, and problem-solving. Healthy aging of the brain goes along with working memory decline that can affect older people's independence in everyday life. Interventions in the form of cognitive training are a promising tool for delaying age-related working memory decline, yet the underlying structural plasticity of white matter is hardly studied. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study to investigate the effects of an intensive four-week adaptive working memory training on white matter integrity quantified by global and tract-wise mean diffusivity. We compared diffusivity measures of fiber tracts that are associated with working memory of 32 young and 20 older participants that were randomly assigned to a working memory training group or an active control group. Results: The behavioral analysis showed an increase in working memory performance after the four-week adaptive working memory training. The neuroanatomical analysis revealed a decrease in mean diffusivity in the working memory training group after the training intervention in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus for the older adults. There was also a decrease in mean diffusivity in the working memory training group in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus for the older and young participants after the intervention. Conclusion: This study shows that older people can benefit from working memory training by improving their working memory performance that is also reflected in terms of improved white matter integrity in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, where the first is an essential component of the frontoparietal network known to be essential in working memory

Chemoenzymatic elaboration of monosaccharides using engineered cytochrome P450_(BM3) demethylases

Polysaccharides comprise an extremely important class of biopolymers that play critical roles in a wide range of biological processes, but the synthesis of these compounds is challenging because of their complex structures. We have developed a chemoenzymatic method for regioselective deprotection of monosaccharide substrates using engineered Bacillus megaterium cytochrome P450 (P450_(BM3)) demethylases that provides a highly efficient means to access valuable intermediates, which can be converted to a wide range of substituted monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Demethylases displaying high levels of regioselectivity toward a number of protected monosaccharides were identified using a combination of protein and substrate engineering, suggesting that this approach ultimately could be used in the synthesis of a wide range of substituted mono- and polysaccharides for studies in chemistry, biology, and medicine

Fields of tension of school program work. Introducing a new instrument of school development

Wenn mit Hilfe von "Schulprogrammen" die pädagogische Entwicklung in den Schulen befördert werden soll, entstehen offenbar Situationen, die durch Diffusität und Widersprüchlichkeit gekennzeichnet sind. Auf der Grundlage von Fallbeispielen macht ein Hamburger Forschungsprojekt solche Interferenzen zwischen den eingespielten und den erst zu entwickelnden Routinen, Handlungsstrukturen und Rollenmustern in Schulen und Schulverwaltung erkennbar. (DIPF/Orig.)If the pedagogical development of schools is to be furthered with the aid of \u27school programs\u27, situations seem to be inevitable that are characterized by diffusion and contradiction. Based on specific cases, the Hamburg reseach project shows the interferences between those routines, structures of acting, and role patterns of schools and school administration that are already established and those that have yet ot be developed. (DIPF/Orig.

GLIMPSE-CO1: the most massive intermediate-age stellar cluster in the Galaxy

The stellar cluster GLIMPSE-C01 is a dense stellar system located in the Galactic Plane. Though often referred to in the literature as an old globular cluster traversing the Galactic disk, previous observations do not rule out that it is an intermediate age (less than a few Gyr) disk-borne cluster. Here, we present high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of over 50 stars in the cluster. We find an average radial velocity is consistent with being part of the disk, and determine the cluster's dynamical mass to be (8 \pm 3)x10^4 Msun. Analysis of the cluster's M/L ratio, the location of the Red Clump, and an extremely high stellar density, all suggest an age of 400-800Myr for GLIMPSE-C01, much lower than for a typical globular cluster. This evidence therefore leads us to conclude that GLIMPSE-C01 is part of the disk population, and is the most massive Galactic intermediate-age cluster discovered to date.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Rev Proteins of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Enhance RNA Encapsidation

The main function attributed to the Rev proteins of immunodeficiency viruses is the shuttling of viral RNAs containing the Rev responsive element (RRE) via the CRM-1 export pathway from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This restricts expression of structural proteins to the late phase of the lentiviral replication cycle. Using Rev-independent gag-pol expression plasmids of HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus and lentiviral vector constructs, we have observed that HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus Rev enhanced RNA encapsidation 20- to 70-fold, correlating well with the effect of Rev on vector titers. In contrast, cytoplasmic vector RNA levels were only marginally affected by Rev. Binding of Rev to the RRE or to a heterologous RNA element was required for Rev-mediated enhancement of RNA encapsidation. In addition to specific interactions of nucleocapsid with the packaging signal at the 5′ end of the genome, the Rev/RRE system provides a second mechanism contributing to preferential encapsidation of genomic lentiviral RNA

Independent Promotion of Young Talents in Satellite Development on the Full-Scale Satellite Mission SOURCE

The SOURCE mission is the first student satellite developed at the University of Stuttgart. This unique opportunity for undergraduate and graduate students is made possible by the cooperation between the Institute of Space Systems (IRS) and the Small Satellite Student Society (KSat e.V.