The Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Thymus vulgaris on Salmonella typhi in Rabbets

Abstract: The aim of this study was in vivo antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Thymus vukgaris on Salmonella typhi isolated from patients in Sulaymani city, Iraq. Thirty Salmonella entereca serova typhi were isolated from blood of patients suffering from typhoied fever in indor and outdor of Sulaymani city-Iraq. The isolates were identified through cultural, morphological and biochemical examination, in addition to API20E system. Susceptibility test to eleven antimicrobials were performed for all isolates. The isolates were grouped to 7 antibiogram; The S. enterica isolates were 100% resist to Amp, Cef, Chl, Gm, Tet and Tri antibiotics, or resist to at least one more antibiotics. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of ethanol extract for Thymus vulgaris was determined (2500 µg/mL). Treating local rabbits (WBC count of 3000-4000) with MIC of T. vulgaris extract, after orally infected with more resistant isolate S. typhi S5, and appearance of disease septum with decreasing of WBC count and lymphocyte, while neutrophil increased for all groups. After treating the infected rabbits with combination of plant extract and Gentamycin after two month from infection, the numbers of survived rabbits were more than other treatments

Analysis of Some Heavy Metals and Organic Acids in Ficus carica Growing Adjacent in the Serpentine Soil in Sulaimani/Kurdistan, Iraq

Serpentine soil refers to soil having magnesium-rich minerals such as chrysotile, lizardite, and antigorite. Fig (Ficus carica) is a plant of major importance in the world. It is a nourishing food and is used in industrial productions. This study analyzes the distribution of heavy metal contents such as nickel, cobalt, zinc, and manganese in different parts of this plant, such as its leaves, stems, and fruits. Furthermore, the organic acid content, including citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid, was estimated. The studied area is known as Kunjirin which is a village located in the northwestern extension of the Zagros-fold-thrust belt in Mawat town, northeast of Sulaimani Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The results show that there are significant differences in heavy metal contents among the plant organs except for zinc. The lowest level of heavy metals is in the fruits, while the highest amount of the heavy metal content is in the leaves. Moreover, the organic acids were unequally distributed in the plant organs. However, the lowest level of organic acids are found in the stem, while the highest concentration of the organic acids are found in the fruit part of the plant. The present study concludes that the level of heavy metals in the fruit part is within the legally admitted limits. This indicates that it is normal for human beings and animals to consume such fruits