Antihemintic and Hematological Changes of Natural Plant Carica papaya Seed Extract against Gastrointestinal Nematode Hymenolepis nana

The purpose of this experiment was to study the anthelmintic activity of Carica papaya seeds against Hymenolepis nana in infected mice. In this experiment we use three groups (A, B, and C) of mice, group (A and B) were infected with eggs of Hymenolepis nana, PCV, Hb and W.B.C counts respectively. Group A mice were treated with Carica papaya seed extract (0.1ml ?mowe) blood and fecal samples were collected on day 0, 7 and 14 after administration of treatment to examine change in blood packed cell volume PCV Hb, W.B.C, fecal egg counts (FEC). Group C served as a no infected group (negative control). FEC of group A was lower than the control group, PCV, Hb and W.B.C increased after 7days then return to normal value after 14days. The histopathological study showed papaya repair the tissue of intestine and return the villa to normal value. The results recommended using the C.papaya as an aid to control gastrointestinal nematodes infection. Keywords: Anthelmintic activity Carica papaya, Hymenolepis nana, mice, gastrointestinal nematod

VEGF expression and microvascular density in relation to high-risk-HPV infection in cervical carcinoma – An immunohistochemical study

AbstractBackgroundThe poor outlook of cervical carcinoma, a human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer mandates the search for new treatment modalities. Therapeutic targeting of tumor vasculature is a promising strategy. The aim was to study angiogenesis in cervical carcinoma in terms of VEGF expression and assessment of microvascular density (MVD) in relation to HPV antigen expression.MethodsThirty paraffin blocks of cervical carcinoma were studied for the immune expression of VEGF and MVD utilizing CD34 monoclonal antibody. Statistical analysis of these immunophenotypes in relation to tumor type, grade and HPV antigen expression was performed.ResultsThis retrospective study comprised of 17 squamous cell carcinomas, 11 adenocarcinomas and two adenosquamous carcinomas. Eleven cases were low grade and 19 were high-grade cases. VEGF expression was detected in 100% of cases. The relation between carcinoma grade and VEGF expression and MVD was statistically significant. There was no relation between VEGF intensity and tumor type although more intense VEGF staining tended to occur in cervical adenocarcinomas. VEGF density was significantly lower in squamous cell carcinomas compared to adenocarcinomas. Mean MVD was 50.37±20.0. The relation between MVD and VEGF expression was statistically significant. HPV immune expression was detected in 93.33% of cases. The relation between HPV antigen expression and each of tumor histotype and grade was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant relation between HPV antigen expression and each of MVD and VEGF intensity. Multivariate statistical analysis showed MVD as an independent predictor of carcinoma grade.ConclusionVEGF was expressed in 100% of studied cervical carcinoma. There was a statistically significant relation between VEGF expression and MVD. Since HPV antigen expression was significantly correlated with MVD and VEGF staining intensity, we provide evidence that HPV infection may augment tumor angiogenesis in cervical carcinoma. MVD emerged as an independent predictor of cervical carcinoma grade and hence of progressive behavior

Evidence for Past Subduction Earthquakes at a Plate Boundary with Widespread Upper Plate Faulting: Southern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

At the southern Hikurangi margin, New Zealand, we use salt marsh stratigraphy, sedimentology, micropaleontology, and radiocarbon dating to document evidence of two earthquakes producing coseismic subsidence and (in one case) a tsunami over the past 1000 yrs. The earthquake at 520-470 yrs before present (B.P.) produced 0.25 +/- 0.1 m of subsidence at Big Lagoon. The earthquake at 880-800 yrs B.P. produced 0.45 +/- 0.1 m of subsidence at Big Lagoon and was accompanied by a tsunami that inundated >= 360 m inland with a probable height of >= 3.3 m. Distinguishing the effects of upper plate faulting from plate interface earthquakes is a significant challenge at this margin. We use correlation with regional upper plate paleoearthquake chronologies and elastic dislocation modeling to determine that the most likely cause of the subsidence and tsunami events is subduction interface rupture, although the older event may have been a synchronous subduction interface and upper plate fault rupture. The southern Hikurangi margin has had no significant (M > 6.5) documented subduction interface earthquakes in historic times, and previous assumptions that this margin segment is prone to rupture in large to great earthquakes were based on seismic and geodetic evidence of strong contemporary plate coupling. This is the first geologic evidence to confirm that the southern Hikurangi margin ruptures in large earthquakes. The relatively short-time interval between the two subduction earthquakes (similar to 350 yrs) is shorter than in current seismic-hazard models.GNSEQC Biennial ProjectNew Zealand Natural Hazards Research Platform and Foundation for Research Science and TechnologyInstitute for Geophysic

Preparation Simplified Culture for Culturing Blastocystis Hominis Parasite

Blastocystis hominis is an obligate and aerobic protozoa, a world waded distribution between human and animals. Anew simplified of culturing parasite is prepared. One hundred fresh positive stool samples were inoculated in tube containing a new media. This media contain simple compound like ringer solution, water rice cooked and don’t need serum add. Tubes were incubated at 37c°, culture's was examined after 24, 48 and 72hours, culture became positive after 24hr, and the number of parasite was (1830) while after 48hr was (1525) but after 72hr the numbers of parasite began decreasing and became (381.25). The multiform of parasite described but vacuolar and granular form more observed. This culture is a new, quick and easy method for culturing Blastocystis    homini also not require to add serum. Keywords: Blastocystis hominis, vacuolar, granular, culture media

Detection of genotypes for Giardia lamblia in Iraqi patients feces by using PCR-RFLP techniques based on GDH gene characterization

This study was carried out during the period from March 2016 to January 2017 to detect of genotypes and subgenotypes of Giardia lamblia in human feces by PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism based on the detection of glutamate dehydrogenase gene and study the corralation between genotype and prescence of symptoms , a total of 101 stool samples were taken from patients(male and female), aged(2-72) years, who suffering from acute or persistent diarrhea and examined by microscope and molecular techniques , the gdh gene was amplified from 19 cases only by a conventional PCR assay by using a specific oligonucleotide sequence for coding region by gdh gene at size 432bp and typed by RFLP analysis, the results showed the total infection with Giardia lamblia was 84(83.1%) according to the results of microscopic examination, of the 19 positive samples, 2(1.98%) were infected with genotype AI , 3(2.97%) genotype AII , 5(4.95%) genotype BIII and 9(8.91%) infected with genotype BIV, with significance differences between the genotype and precence of symptom

Brain tumor MRI medical images classification with data augmentation by transfer learning of VGG16

The ability to estimate conclusions without direct human input in healthcare systems via computer algorithms is known as Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. Deep learning (DL) approaches are already being employed or exploited for healthcare purposes, and in the case of medical images analysis, DL paradigms opened a world of opportunities. This paper describes creating a DL model based on transfer learning of VGG16 that can correctly classify MRI images as either (tumorous) or (non-tumorous). In addition, the model employed data augmentation in order to balance the dataset and increase the number of images. The dataset comes from the brain tumour classification project, which contains publicly available tumorous and non-tumorous images. The result showed that the model performed better with the augmented dataset, with its validation accuracy reaching ~100 %

Brain tumor MRI medical images classification model based on CNN (BTMIC-CNN)

This research discusses a fully automatic brain tumour MRI medical images classification model that use Convolutional Neural Network (BTMIC-CNN). The proposed neural model adopted Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) to classify MRI medical images from two datasets. One for binary classification task (contains tumorous and non-tumorous images). And the second for multiclass classification task (contains three types of brain tumor MRI medical images namely: Glioma, meningioma, and pituitary). The model's excellent performance was confirmed using the evaluation metrics and reported an overall accuracy of 99%. It outperforms existing methods in terms of classification accuracy and is expected to help radiologists and doctors accurately classify brain tumours’ images. This study contributes to goal three of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which involves excellent health and well-being

Development and validation of a tool to improve community pharmacists' surveillance role in the safe dispensing of herbal supplements

Background: There has been an appreciable increase in the use of herbal supplements, including immune boosters, during the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are concerns with falsified herbal supplements Objectives Developed a new questionnaire that can potentially help community pharmacists with identifying the extent of falsified herbal supplements. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted over nine months among 500 community pharmacies in the UAE. Face-to-face interviews were undertaken using a structured questionnaire, which was subjected to face and content validity, with the content validity index (CVI) computed. Construct validity was tested using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) via principally component analysis (PCA). The model was then confirmed through Partial confirmatory factor analysis (PCFA). Reliability was assessed via test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item internal consistency (IIC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: An instrument compromised of five domains with a 24-item scale was developed with CVI of 0.843. The KMO measure of sampling adequacy was 0.891, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity indicated significance (p-value < 0.001). Confirmation of the subsequent 5-domains was achieved through PCFA using MLA with oblimin rotation. The PCFA obtained values of 0.962 for NFI, 0.977 for CFI, and 0.987 for TLI; all values were greater than 0.95, and the RMSEA value was 0.03 (i.e., less than 0.06). Consequently, the model had a good fit. All domains demonstrated Cronbach’s alpha coefficients above 0.70, with 0.940 for the full instrument. Meanwhile, all items met the IIC correlation standard of ≥ 0.40. The instrument presented good ICC statistics of 0.940 (0.928 – 0.950) as well as statistical significance (p < 0.001). Those participants who had more than 10 experience years more likely to identify falsified herbal supplements compared to those who have 1 to 10 experience years (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study developed and validated a new instrument to identify safe herbal supplements products, which will help enhance the role of the community pharmacists in safe and effective treatment of suitable patients with herbal supplements

Community pharmacists’ perspectives on cardiovascular disease pharmaceutical care in the United Arab Emirates: a questionnaire survey-based analysis

Background: Community pharmacists play an intermediary role between prescribing physicians and patients in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and thus are responsible for ensuring that patients receive optimal cardiovascular disease (CVD) pharmaceutical care.Methods: we used a cross-sectional design to assess the perceptions and practices of community pharmacists concerning pharmaceutical care for patients with CVD. A trained researcher visited randomly selected community pharmacies and used a structured questionnaire to conduct in-person interviews with pharmacists. The questionnaire collected demographic data and information on perceptions and practices regarding CVD pharmaceutical care.Results: Five hundred and fifty-one participants were recruited. The average participant age (mean ± SD) was 35 ± 2.7 years. The average perception score regarding CVD prevention and management was 75.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77.1%–74.2%), and the average practice score for CVD prevention and management was 87.1% (95% CI 76.5%–79.6%). Bivariate analysis revealed that gender (p = 0.001), education level (p &lt; 0.001), pharmacy position (p = 0.004), work experience (p &lt; 0.001), number of patients served per day (p &lt; 0.001) and being trained on CVD prevention and management (p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with perceptions about the prevention and management of CVD. Better practice scores were seen among older participants (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1–1.019), postgraduates (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.66–1.89), workers at chain pharmacies (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.11–1.39), pharmacists in charge (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.01–1.47), pharmacists with &gt;10 years of experience (OR 11.3; 95% CI 6.01–15.62), pharmacists with 6–10 years of experience (OR 4.42; 95% CI 3.90–5) and pharmacists trained on CVD prevention and management (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.15–1.46).Conclusion: Pharmacy practitioners working in community pharmacies in the UAE actively engage in delivering pharmaceutical care to patients, playing a role in CVD management and prevention. However, they showed low levels of involvement in other healthcare services, specifically in screening and measuring patients’ weight, glucose levels, and blood pressure, monitoring treatment responses, maintaining medical records, and reviewing medication refill histories. Activities such as educating patients, providing medication counseling, offering support for treatment adherence, and fostering collaborative relationships with other healthcare providers should be encouraged among UAE community pharmacists to ensure the provision of high-quality patient care