Molecular characterization of mecA gene in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Background & objectives: It is clear now that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains considered as one of the most bacteria responsible for different diseases among humans and animals. The present study aimed to detect the molecular profile of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from skin abscess patients in Nassyriah City, Southern Iraq.                                          Methods: During the period of from June 2014 to February 2015, 120 S. aureus were isolated from abscess patient in two governmental hospitals, and subjected to conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction which used for the amplification of 310 bp mecA gene. Three PCR products of mecA were named primarily (THQR1, THQR2, and THQR3) were selected and subjected to partial DNA sequencing for the mecA gene to follow up their possible relationship between these local isolates and what recorded globally in Genbank.                                         Results: Only 64 S. aureus isolates were diagnosed phenotypically as MRSA (53.33%), and 88/120 (73.33%) of S. aureus were positive for the targeted gene. The Three PCR products of mecA were registered in Genbank under the official accession numbers of (KY468502, KY468503 and KY468504, respectively). The constructed phylogenetic tree showed that S. aureus  KY468502 and KY468504 were highly relative to each other in comparison with S. aureus KY468503 that revealed a close relatedness to S. aureus TN/CN/1/12, mecA gene beta-lactam, and mecA gene isolated in USA.       Interpretation & conclusions: The present study results confirmed the importance of mecA gene in MRSA detection and highlighted the increasing manner of its prevalence in Iraq, furthermore,  the importance of molecular techniques as an epidemiological tool

Molecular characterization of mecA gene in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Background & objectives: It is clear now that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains considered as one of the most bacteria responsible for different diseases among humans and animals. The present study aimed to detect the molecular profile of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from skin abscess patients in Nassyriah City, Southern Iraq.                                          Methods: During the period of from June 2014 to February 2015, 120 S. aureus were isolated from abscess patient in two governmental hospitals, and subjected to conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction which used for the amplification of 310 bp mecA gene. Three PCR products of mecA were named primarily (THQR1, THQR2, and THQR3) were selected and subjected to partial DNA sequencing for the mecA gene to follow up their possible relationship between these local isolates and what recorded globally in Genbank.                                         Results: Only 64 S. aureus isolates were diagnosed phenotypically as MRSA (53.33%), and 88/120 (73.33%) of S. aureus were positive for the targeted gene. The Three PCR products of mecA were registered in Genbank under the official accession numbers of (KY468502, KY468503 and KY468504, respectively). The constructed phylogenetic tree showed that S. aureus  KY468502 and KY468504 were highly relative to each other in comparison with S. aureus KY468503 that revealed a close relatedness to S. aureus TN/CN/1/12, mecA gene beta-lactam, and mecA gene isolated in USA.       Interpretation & conclusions: The present study results confirmed the importance of mecA gene in MRSA detection and highlighted the increasing manner of its prevalence in Iraq, furthermore,  the importance of molecular techniques as an epidemiological tool

A unique MRI presentation of fungal infection in the brain

Fungal infections of CNS are common in certain geographic locations. MRI with or without contrast is a useful prediagnostic tool. However, the findings may sometimes be misleading. In this case report, the authors present unusual imaging findings in the MRI of fungal infection in an immunocompetent host, whereby hyper-intense signals were seen on T2-weighted images and patchy post-contrast enhancement was observed with surrounding edema. These findings were suggestive of a neoplastic lesion but it was identified as aspergillosis on subsequent histopathology. This unusual MRI finding of CNS highlights the need to consider fungal infection as a differential diagnosis of all mass lesions on MRI, irrespective of their signal characteristics

Conditional structure in Classical Arabic : A general descriptive study.

This work investigates the structure of the conditional sentence in Arabic under different headings, following a descriptive method and analysing the topic through elements, uses, functions and meanings. This method will develop statistics regarding the frequency of occurrence of these structures in the Qur'an. The purpose of utilising the descriptive approach is to provide a picture of the use of each particle in the Qur'an and other classical Arabic texts. In doing so, this study aims to derive some general conclusions which can help us begin to focus in on more accurate interpretations, and similarly help us to avoid common pitfalls. Four major headings are covered in this work. Firstly, an investigation is conducted into the list of the conditional particles provided by the grammarians. The particles are divided into two groups according to certain rules within the conditional structure. Certain particles are investigated in detail and others discussed in terms of views relating to their acceptability or unacceptability, including the author's contributions to this field. In doing so, statistics on the frequency of the appearance of these particles in the text of the Qur'an, which was chosen as the main source for examples, are listed in brief tables at the end of the discussion of each particle. This study of the conditional particles analyses the material via typological classification, examines methods of connecting the two clauses of conditional sentences, and undertakes a structural review of the word order and syntactical position of each element of the conditional sentence. Secondly, some common conditional structures that do not occur with all the particles are covered. Examples of these are the use of the fa- as an apodosis introducer with the 'in conditional particle, or the emphatic lm with the law conditional structure and the interrupting conditional sentence. Thirdly, I discuss the functional position of the conditional sentence within given Qur'anic texts. Finally, the thesis concludes with a study of discourse function which contributes to modern linguistics studies on the subject. The thesis represents a broad investigation of the sources on this subject and an examination of selected data, and it is intended for use as reference for further studies not possible within scope of this work

Annealing Effect on Some Optical Properties of Cr2O3 Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique

Cr2O3 thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis on a glass substrate. Absorbance and transmittance spectra were recorded in the wavelength range (300-900) nm before and after annealing. The effects of annealing temperature on absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and optical conductivity were expected. It was found that all these parameters increase as the annealing temperature increased to 550°C

Tracking the 2024 measles outbreak: updates from Iraq

The history of measles spans centuries, marked by devastating outbreaks until the identification of the measles virus in the early 20th century and the subsequent development of a vaccine in 1963. Despite vaccination efforts, measles resurged globally in 2019 after years of decline. The COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted vaccination campaigns, leading to missed doses and heightened risks of outbreaks. By November 2020, over 94 million individuals were at risk of missing vital vaccines. As of May 2024, around 63 countries faced genuine measles outbreaks, with Iraq ranking third, reporting approximately 25,429 cases. Iraq's healthcare system, already strained by decades of crises, struggles to manage the outbreak amidst challenges such as limited access to healthcare, vaccine hesitancy, and the suspension of vaccination campaigns. Urgent interventions are needed to address these challenges and prevent further escalation of the measles outbreak in Iraq

“COVID-19” and its Cardiovascular Complications – Review

By the end of December in 2019, the world got trapped under the dark shadow of the deadly novel virus that was given the name as “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐coronaVirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)”. Due to its rapid spread in all the continents, “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” was announced as the pandemic due to its high potential of infecting the human beings. This viral infection not only become the reason of mortality, but it also lethally effected the the infrastructure of public health care system and the global economic situation. “COVID-19” generally maifestated as the “viral pneumonia”, sporadically leading to “acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)” and death. Frequent clinical studies have depicted an interrelation between this deadly virus and cardiovascular diseases. Precedent cardiovascular disease in a person seems to be linked with adverse consequences and high chances of mortality in patients with (COVID-19 infection), whereas this virus itself has a potential of inducing the arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial injury and venous thromboembolism. One of the most significant point of concern is the drug & disease interactions that affect the patients with viral infection and comorbid cardiovascular diseases. By integrating the data and information regarding the biological features of this contagious novel virus, this review has summarized the pivotal cardiac manifestations, their management, and future implications. By correlating the facts and figures related to the biological conditions of this lethal virus with the reported clinical findings, we can ameliorate our conceptions regarding the significant mechanisms underlying (COVID-19), ultimately leading towards the control of this viral infection by the progressive development in preventions and treatments

Future of Cooperative Farming in Pakistan

The main objective of this study was to work out production efficiency of some cooperative and non cooperative farmers in the central Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose a survey of central Punjab was conducted in the year of 2008-09. Two type samples were taken for the study. First type sample was comprised of 15 respondents who had joined together in different ways to cultivate their available lands. Second type included 60 respondents, 20 from each district of Jhang, Faisalabad and TT Singh. The results obtained through t-statistics analysis revealed that the per acre use of Agri inputs and outputs obtained for all the cash crops was significantly different and  higher in case of cooperatives than non-cooperatives farmers. The benefit cost   (B-C) ratio indicated that it was 38% higher for cooperative than non-cooperatives as it was 1.98 and 1.43 for respective categories. But these cooperatives farming could not sustain for longer time due to the lake of education and conflicts between the members. Keywords: Cooperatives, Farming, Punjab, Pakista

Parametric Study for the Effect of Suspension Composition on Electrophoretic Deposition of Zirconia

الترسب الكهربي (EPD) لا يزال احد الانشطة الرئيسي للعلوم والتكنولوجيا نظراً لمزاياه في السيطرة على سمك الترسيب، والتشكل، والبنية المجهرية. تمكن هذه الطريقة من تشكيل الأغشية على ألاسطح الاشكال الهندسة المعقدة والتي تكون ملائمة لتطبيقات متنوعة بما في ذلك المواد الحيوية. ومع ذلك، فإن الطريقة تتضمن السيطرة على  عوامل العملية المختلفة، والتي تكون ذات تاثيرات حيوية على خصائص المادة المترسبة.  إلى جانب ذلك، ترسب دقائق الزركونيا  النانوية أمر حيوي لإنتاج الأجزاء المستخدمة في طب الأسنان التعويضي. هذا العمل هو دراسة تأثير بولمر البولي إيثيلين جلايكول كعامل تعليق ، ومقدارالمادة  الصلبة (دقائق الزركونيا)، وتأثير التولوين كسائل عزل كهربائي، على السمك النهائي والكثافة الخضراء  للاجزاء المترسبة.Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is continued to be a major activity of science and technology in view of its advantages of controlling the deposit thickness, morphology, and microstructure. The method enables the formation of films on substrates of complex geometry that suits for various applications including biomaterials. However, the method involves controlling of various process parameters, which are of vital effects on the properties of the deposit. Besides, deposition of zirconia nano particles is vital for production of parts used in restorative dentistry. This work was a study the effect of polyethylene glycol polymer as a binder-suspension agent, the amount the solid loading (zirconia particles), and the effect of the toluene as a dielectric liquid, on the final thickness and green density of the deposed parts