Dijital oyunlar ve reklamcılık: E-spor faaliyetlerinden gelir elde etmek üzerine nitel bir araştırma

According to simulation theory, individuals live and work in hyperreality. Digitalization transforms the real into simulacra as the world morph into a virtual world. Individuals are represented by their digital twins in the digital world where new possibilities endure. Digital twins transport individuals to the digital world as virtual representatives of real ones. Life in the digital world is almost indistinguishable from reality. It is additionally conceivable to play games in this new environment. Playing games is a crucial determinant in educational life and meeting various needs such as training and relish in adulthood. With the acceleration of digitalization, playing games are transumed to an actor. Digital gaming brings an opportunity for talented individuals to generate an income through social network broadcasting. It is an environment that has emerged in which individuals may meet digitally rather than physically. In this environment, individuals may mentally organize all sports activities as playing chess, face their opponents in the computer environment, and gather fans. In such digital platforms as Twitch and YouTube, gamers may demonstrate e-sports skills to the related audience. Furthermore, advertising in digital games is a win-to-win method to reach generation Z. Digital gamers who broadcast through the social network may monetize their online gaming activities. This research focuses on digital gaming and advertising. Results of the study in which is conducted with a qualitative method with eight interviewers are provided. Participants selected are among individuals who display and monetize their digital gaming skills on the Twitch platform. The findings briefly indicate that individuals who play digital games are achievement-oriented, have a sense of competing, and seize opportunities. According to the results, it can be seen as the digital gamers and gaming industry are new to the Turkish gaming business and face some disadvantages along with opportunities.Simülasyon teorisine göre, insanlar hiper-gerçekliğin içinde yaşamakta ve çalışmaktadır. Dijitalleşme, dünyayı sanal bir dünyaya dönüşürken gerçeği simulakraya dönüştürmektedir. Bireyler bu yeni imkânların bulunduğu dijital dünyada dijital ikizleri vasıtası ile temsil edilmektedir. Dijital ikizler gerçek bireylerin sanal temsilcileri olarak bireyleri dijital dünyaya taşımaktadır. Dijital dünyada yaşam gerçeğinden adeta farksızdır. Bireyler tüm yaşamlarını bu sanal ortamlarda sürdürebilmektedir. Bu yeni ortamda oyun oynamak da mümkündür. Oyun oynamak bireylerin küçük yaşlardan itibaren hayatı öğrenmede ve yetişkinlik dönemlerinde öğrenme ve eğlenme gibi pek çok ihtiyacı karşılamada önemli bir faktördür. Dijitalleşmenin hız kazanması ile birlikte bu faktör bazı bireylerin hayatını değiştirecek bir aktöre dönüşmüştür. Dijital oyun, yetenekli bireylere sosyal ağlar üzerinde yayın yaparak gelir elde etme fırsatı sunmaktadır. Özellikle e-spor denilen bugüne dek bildiğimiz spor dallarından farklı olarak bireylerin fiziksel olarak değil de dijital ortamlarda karşı karşıya gelebildiği, müsabakaların organize edilebildiği bir ortam oluşmuştur. Bu ortamda bireyler satrançta olduğu gibi zihinsel olarak tüm spor aktivitelerini organize ederek bilgisayar ortamında rakipleri ile karşı karşıya gelmekte ve taraftar toplayabilmektedir. İzleyici kitlesi genişleyen e-sporcular daha çok kitleye erişebilmenin getirdiği birtakım avantajlara sahip olabilmektedir. Twitch ve You-Tube gibi dijital platformlarda, oyuncular kitlelerine e-spor becerilerini sergileyebilmektedir. Dahası, dijital oyunlarda reklam verilerek Z kuşağına ulaşılabilmekte kazan-kazan faydası sağlanabilmektedir. Sosyal ağ üzerinden yayın yapan dijital oyuncular, çevrimiçi oyun etkinliklerinden para kazanabilmektedir. Bu araştırma, dijital oyun ve reklamcılığa odaklanmakta ve bu doğrultuda sekiz katılımcı ile nitel bir yöntemle yürütülen araştırmanın sonuçlarını içermektedir. Katılımcılar, dijital oyun becerilerini Twitch platformunda sergileyen ve buradan para kazanan kişiler arasından seçilmiştir. Bulgular kısaca, dijital oyun oynayan bireylerin başarı/kazanım odaklı olduklarını, rekabet etme hissine sahip olduklarını ve fırsatları değerlendirdiklerini göstermektedir. Sonuçlara göre, dijital oyuncuların ve oyun endüstrisinin Türk oyun sektöründe yeni olduğu ve fırsatlar kadar bazı dezavantajlara sahip olduğunu görülmektedir

A DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCALE FOR PROBLEM SOLVING IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: THE STUDY OF VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess the problem solving skills of five-year-old children receiving environmental education. The study included 156 children selected from the study population using the simple random sampling method. The literature was reviewed for Turkish and foreign studies on environmental education for children, improvement of problem solving skills, environmental education and problem solving skills to develop the Scale for Problem Solving in Environmental Education (SPSEE). Specialists' opinions were obtained, exploratory factor analysis was performed, and total item correlation, bottom and top group mean difference, Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient and test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated. The data were analysed using the SPSS 22 package. The exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale has 14 questions and two factors. Questions were prepared for each activity and the answers for these questions were formed in a three-point Likert-type scale. One of the researchers applied this scale to each child. The researchers prepared a guidebook, activities, a CD including these activities and a booklet including pictures to apply the scale. The pictures in the booklet were obtained from various activity books used in preschool education. The first researcher applied the scale by asking the questions in the booklet. The items of the SPSEE were found to sufficiently discriminate the individuals according to the scale's factor loads and total item correlation, and the study sample was determined to be appropriate and sufficient for factor analysis. The significant difference (p<0.01) between the mean scores of the bottom 27% and top 27% groups was used to determine how the SPSEE subscales discriminated the individuals who have the characteristic to be assessed at a higher and lower level. Test-retest correlation and the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient were used for the reliability analyses of the SPSEE. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was found to be 0.77 for the scale. During the test-retest analysis, a high correlation was observed between the scores of the two tests performed at a 20-day interval concerning the subscale and total scores. The validity and reliability analyses indicated that the Scale for Problem Solving in Environmental Education (SPSEE) is valid and reliable for five-year-old children.  Article visualizations

Atlarda splint kemik kırıklarının operatif sağaltımı

In this study; it is aimed to present the operative treatment and results, which are indicated for the continue of their racing life in splint bone fractures which are frequently occurred in race horses. The 2nd and 4th metacarpal (Mc-II and Mc-IV) and metatarsal bones (Mt-II and Mt-IV) of the horse are accessory structures that support the carpus and tarsus. Fractures of these bones in horses are called “splint bone fractures”. Splint bone fractures are relatively common in horses and usually seen in forelimbs. Fractures of the proximal part are rarer and represent 2.7-5% of all splint bone fractures, but challenging to manage. In the present study, 5 cases of splint bone fractures in different horses were evaluated. The distribution of the fractures were Mc-II in three, Mc-IV and Mt-IV in one each. Localization of the fractures were distal 1/3 in 4 and diaphyseal in 1 horse. For the management of these fractures, surgical removal of the fractured fragments were performed under general anaesthesia. Functional limb usage was achieved following the 30th day postoperatively in all cases.Bu çalışmada; yarış atlarında sıklıkla karşılaşılan splint kemik kırıklarında, yarış hayatlarını sürdürebilmeleri için endike olan operatif sağaltım ve sonuçlarının aktarılması amaçlanmıştır. İkinci ve dördüncü metakarpal (Mc-II ve Mc-IV) ve metatarsal kemikler (Mt-II ve Mt-IV) karpus ve tarsusu destekleyen aksesuar yapılardır. Atlarda bu kemiklerin kırıkları “splint kemik kırıkları” olarak adlandırılır. Splint kemik kırıkları atlarda sık ve özellikle de ön ekstremitede yerleşim gösterirler. Proksimal bölge kırıkları daha nadir olup, tüm splint kemik kırıkları içerisinde %2,7-5’lik bir orana sahiptir. Bu çalışmada farklı atlardaki 5 splint kemik kırığı değerlendirildi. Kırıkların dağılımı, üç olguda Mc-II, birer olgulda da Mc-IV ve Mt-IV olarak belirlenirken, lokalizasyonu ise dört olguda distal 1/3, bir olguda diafizer bölge olarak tespit edildi. Bu kırıkların sağaltımında, distal kırık fragmentleri genel anestezi altında operatif olarak uzaklaştırıldı. Olguların tümünde postoperatif 30. günde ilgili bacağın fonksiyonel olarak kullanıldığı gözlendi

The Effects of E-Satisfaction, E-Brand Loyalty and E-Trust Levels on Consumer Behavioral Intentions: A Study on Online Shoppers in Turkey

Buying product or services online has become a common practice among millions of people around the world. In this process, it is a matter of curiosity what factors affect the behavioral intentions of consumers. The purpose of this study to examine the effect of E-Trust, E-Satisfaction and E-Loyalty on Consumer Behavioral Intentions dimensions (purchase intentions, word of mouth communication and complaining intention). The study is a quantitative study and the online questionnaire form was used as data collecting tool. In the study, convenience sampling methods were used and the data were collected via an online questionnaire on Google Forms. The study was carried out on 239 participants.  SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. The regression analys was applied to examine to our research hypotheses. According to the results of the research, it was determined that e-trust, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty had a positive effect on word of mouth communicaiton, e-loyalty had a positive effect on purchase intention, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty had a negative effect on complaining intention

A Research into the Relationship Between Type a Personality and Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Development

The aim of this study, which is conducted on male and femaleparticipants and managers from different departments and sectors, is to inves-tigate the relationship between Type A personality traits and emotional intelligence dimensions.In addition, for male and female managers, the emotional intelligence dimensions that are effective on type A personality traits are tried to be determined according to each department. In the results of the analysis conducted on 205 participant managers and the survey used as the data collection tool, different findings were obtained for different departments in male and female managers, and the hypotheses proposed for inter-variable effects and relationships were partially accepted

The Impact of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions on Consumer Behaviour Intentions

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of Hofstede's culture dimensions (long-term/short term orientation, power distance index, masculinity/feminity index, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism/collectivism) on consumer behavior intentions (word of mouth, complaining behavior, purchase intention, price sensitivity) on two countries namely Turkey and Somalia. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire sent electronically via Google Forms to the respondents’ emails. Convenience sampling was used in the study. the sample size used here included 305 respondents–153 respondents from Somalia and the other 152 respondents from Turkey. SPSS 22 and LISREL 8.7 Packages Program was used for Statistical Analysis.As a result of the study, it was determined that Hofstede culture dimensions did not have an effect on consumer behaviour intention for the Somalia sample, while power distance and uncertainty avoidance had a positive effect on word of mouth communication and long term orientation had a positive effect on price sensitivity and complaining behavior intention for the Turkish sample

The Relationship between School Administrators Personalities and Servant Leadership Behaviours

In a globalized world, people's financial opportunities are increasing. However, their spiritual and moral behaviour is diminishing. This situation can be seen in both people and institutions, especially in the education sector. Servant Leadership, which presents a new perspective on this humanitarian crisis, is a modern leadership approach. An effective and successful school comprises managers with strong personalities and effective leadership methods. The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the personalities of school administrators and their servant leadership behaviours. A correlational research model was used in the research. The participants constituted 14.135 teachers working in schools in the province of Denizli, a city in Turkey, in the academic year of 2016–2017. The sample comprised 327 teachers selected using the convenient easy sampling method. A personal information form prepared by the researcher, compriseing the Servant Leadership Scale and the Adjective Based Personality Test (ABPT) was used in the research. The research data was analysed with the IBM SPSS 21.0 package software program. As a result of the analyses made, a high positive correlation was found between school administrator personalities and Servant Leadership behaviours (r = .764)

Investigating the Impacts of Chinese Investments on the Global Competitiveness of Sub-Saharan Countries

The main objective of this study is to shed light on the effects of Chinese investments on the global competitiveness of Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically Chad, Ethiopia, and Ghana. The study employs a qualitative technique based on depth semi-structured interviews. In the in-depth interviews with field professionals and experts, four questions were asked to one participant from each country. The depth interviews show that Ghana and Ethiopia have the most competitive potential respectively. On the other hand, Chad has no chance of competing due to limited resources. While Chad is characterized by poor governance and limited economic freedom, Ghana and Ethiopia have relatively a large capacity to attract foreign investment. China, as a strong competitor, uses various strategies to beat local rivals in Chad, Ethiopia, and Ghana. In this regard, it offers a wide range of products of average quality at affordable prices to customers in Chad and Ethiopia, while benefiting from large-scale production, economies of scale, and tax breaks in Ghana. With this, local investors are unable to compete with China, which negatively impact the local markets to flourish, especially in the long run.

The Effect of Customer Relationship Marketing in Customer Retention and Customer Acquisition

Without a good marketing team and strategy, any company is bound to fail. To remain competitive and profitable in the market, companies should attract and maintain successful customers. For client relationship marketing, this is definitely finished. Marketing for partnerships is a business philosophy, a strategic orientation that focuses on maintaining and developing existing customers instead of gaining new customers. The goal of this research is to examine the role of marketing customer relationships in customer acquisition and retention of customers. The research is based on a survey. For this research, the study sample was taken by cosmetics customers. Data studies have been performed using frequencies, means and standard deviations. Furthermore, bivariate correlations and multiple regressions are used with inferential statistics. The findings of this study show that consumer marketing relationships are significant and strongly associated with the acquisition and retention of customers. Furthermore, the study shows that trust, commitment, communication and conflict handling have an important effect on the customer’s retention and customer’s acquisition. The practical implications of this study are that organizations should build a better customer retention marketing plan

Managers’ Personality Traits Over Management Styles and Decision-Making Styles

The paper seeks to offer a contribution to the extent literature on the role of managers’ personality characteristics over management styles and decision-making styles. We have prepared a questionnaire which consists of Girgin’s (2007) personality scale adaptation from Goldberg (1992), Kurban’s (2015) decision-making scale adopted from Scott and Bruce (1995), and Yıldızhan’s (2012) management style scale. The questionnaire is conducted among managers and employees in various sectors in Istanbul via the single random sampling method. Frequency analysis is applied to descriptive findings. In order to determine reliability and validity of the scales, reliability and factor analysis are performed. We have focused on investigating the impact of managers’ personality traits on management styles and decision-making styles by applying the Multivariate Regression Model and Correlation Analysis. The result of the factor analysis revealed that the three dimensions (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness) of big-five personality traits have a significant effect on some dimensions of managers’ decision making and management styles