Ontology of mutation testing for java operators

Operators are special characters within the Java language to manipulate primitive data type. Java operators can be classified as unary, binary and ternary. The design of Java operator sometimes becomes confusing when it come s to testing tool s as they had the same function with different label in every testing tool . Therefore, in order to map the knowledge of operators correctly, this research has proposed ontology that is dedicated to mutation testing as a means to define the formal specification of concepts and documentation of knowledge of Java operators. Existing papers on ontology did not specify further on entities and proper ties of operators. Some papers only focus on mutation testing but not the operators. Thus, this paper will present the ontology clearly with the aim to ease end user to identify and understand every classes, properties and relations in Java operators

Nurturing Secondary School Student Computational Thinking Through Educational Robotics

Digital literacy is becoming a key factor in today’s digital revolution age. Computational Thinking (CT) is a new digital literacy that is gradually being introduced in the school curriculum due to its applicability in the daily problem-solving process. Educational Robotics (ER) has been increasingly used as a pedagogical tool to attract students to learn computer programming, and when integrated with CT, they can be used to develop high-order thinking skills. However, intertwining between CT and ER remains a challenge for teachers. This paper describes a method to expose secondary school children to CT concepts and skills through ER learning activities. The method integrates the four CT core concepts, which are problem analysis and algorithm; abstraction; pattern recognition; and decomposition, in a two days’ ER workshop implementation. The result of the study shows that the method of integrating CT with ER has the potential to nurture students’ CT and programming skills. This study shows a statistically significant increase in the students' understanding of the two CT concepts which are pattern recognition and decomposition concepts