1,103 research outputs found
Super-Virasoro Anomaly, Super-Weyl Anomaly and the Super-Liouville Action for 2D Supergravity
The relation between super-Virasoro anomaly and super-Weyl anomaly in
NSR superstring coupled with 2D supergravity is investigated from canonical
theoretical view point. The WZW action canceling the super-Virasoro anomaly is
explicitly constructed. It is super-Weyl invariant but nonlocal functional of
2D supergravity. The nonlocality can be remedied by the super-Liouvlle action,
which in turn recovers the super-Weyl anomaly. The final gravitational
effective action turns out to be local but noncovariant super-Liouville action,
describing the dynamical behavior of the super-Liouville fields. The BRST
invariance of this approach is examined in the superconformal gauge and in the
light-cone gauge.Comment: 45 page
Axial Anomaly in Lattice Abelian Gauge Theory in Arbitrary Dimensions
Axial anomaly of lattice abelian gauge theory in hyper-cubic regular lattice
in arbitrary even dimensions is investigated by applying the method of exterior
differential calculus. The topological invariance, gauge invariance and
locality of the axial anomaly determine the explicit form of the topological
part. The anomaly is obtained up to a multiplicative constant for finite
lattice spacing and can be interpreted as the Chern character of the abelian
lattice gauge theory.Comment: LaTeX, 10 page
Precocious activation of APC/C-Cdh1 at pre-anaphase causes genome instability
Faithful chromosome segregation and thereby accurate gene transmission are crucial for all organisms. Until proper attachment of the mitotic spindle to the kinetochore is established, the ubiquitin ligase (E3) Cdc20-activated APC/C (anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome) is repressed by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and sister chromatin cohesion is protected. Mutants defective in SAC fail to arrest at metaphase even in the presence of damaged microtubules. Interestingly, a similar phenomenon occurs in yeast cells defective in Bub2, a negative factor of the mitotic exit network (MEN), which is required for telophase onset, although its precise molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that chromosome missegregation occurs frequently in bub2∆ cells in the presence of damaged microtubules. The loss of Bub2 caused precocious activation of APC/C-Cdh1/Hct1 at pre-anaphase, leading to securin degradation and then separase-mediated cohesin cleavage. Overexpression of CDH1 and CDC14, encoding Cdc14 phosphatase, at pre-anaphase similarly caused chromosome missegregation. Thus, sequential activation of APC/C-Cdc20 and then APC/C-Cdh1 is critical for precise chromosome segregation and precocious activation of APC/C-Cdh1 at pre-anaphase causes genomic instability. Since degradation of human securin is also mediated by APC/C-Cdc20 and APC/C-Cdh1, this study predicts that precocious activation APC/C-Cdh1 in human cells similarly causes genomic instability, and thereby cell death or tumorigenesis
FRONT-TURN MOVEMENT IN SEOI-NAGE OF ELITE JUDO ATHLETES
The purpose of our work was to investigate the control of the front-turn movement (Mae-mawari sabaki) for seoi-nage of elite judo athletes to obtain findings for effective coaching. Threedimensional data were collected on seoi-nage performed by six elite judo athletes using a three-dimensional motion analysis technique. The most distinguishing feature of the present study results is that the decrease in the trunk inclination angle closely related to the decrease in the moment of inertia of the body in the turning phase. This study found that elite judo athletes performed seoi-nage by turning their body while quickly raising their trunk so that the moment of inertia of the body about the vertical axis was minimized
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