9 research outputs found
Management of Insecticide Resistant Helicoverpa armigera Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Cotton in India
Helicoverpa armigera (Habner) was responsible for some $500 million of damage in India in
the 1997-8. Insecticide resistance levels have been monitored routinely at sites throughout the
countl)' since 1992 using discriminating dose assays. Resistance to pyrethroids is ubiquitous
and stable at around 50-80% in most areas. Organophosphate and endosu(fan resistance is
stable at around 20-50%. Carbamate resistance is low. There is-...(. ll:.rrently no significant
resistance to Bt. Putting in place effective, economic, insecticide-based programmes that do
not exacerbate the resistance problems, is a priority. Field trials from 1992-5 at 1CR1SAT
developed appropriate 1PMI1RM practices in pigeonpea Clnd cotton. In 1995-6 these were
takell illto 'split-plot' 1PMIIRM farmer trials in Andhra Pradesh (AP). Seed cotton yields were
slightly enhanced with a 23% reduction in the number oj insecticide sprays and a 57%
reduction in the a.i. applied. In expanded trials in 1996-7 trials in AP and Tamil Nadu,
insecticide use was reduced by over 40% and yields enhanced by 30%. Components of the
package included appropriate varietal selection, seed quality and agronomy and improved
spraying practices with quality materials based on scouting to simple economic thresholds.
Early season spraying for sucking pests was avoided by the use of systemic seed dressings.
The sequence used for bollworms was: Eggs: at low numbers - neem; at high numbers -
profenojos, Larvae: 1st round: endosulfan; 2nd round OPs (quinalphos or chlorpyrifos); 3rd
round,' carbamates (carbaryl); 4th round - pyrethroids (cypermethrin, fen valerate. deltamethrin
or lambda cyhalothrin). In the 1997-8 season farmer participatol)' demonstrations were
undertaken in four states (Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu). In all
areas spray applications were at least halved with respect to non-participating farmers' and
yields rose by at least a third. The work was expanded in the 1998-9- season
Developing and implementing insecticide resistance management practices in cotton ICM programmes in India
Pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate and cyclodiene resistance levels for
the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) have been monitored routinely
at sites throughout India since 1993 using discriminating dose assays.
Resistance by H. armigera and other pests to commonly used insecticides is
a severe constraint to cotton production in India. An integrated crop
management strategy was developed aimed at maximising profit while
minimising insecticide use and the impact of insecticide resistance.
Appropriate varieties and agronomy, plus seed treatment where necessary,
allow the first foliar insecticides to be delayed until at least 70 days from
planting. Insecticides for fruit and leaf feeders are then rotated, taking
account of seasonal shifts in their efficacy and the pest spectrum faced; with
endosulfan first, followed by particular organophosphates, leaving one to
two pyrethroid sprays until the late season when pink bollworm is also
present. This system (customised for the different regions of India) was
demonstrated in village participatory trials, reaching 24 villages across four
states in 1998-9. In all areas the quantity of insecticide a.i. used was reduced
by >29%; yields increased substantially and net profit rose 226/ha
when compared with farmers not in the schemes
Mealy Bugs In Cotton And Their Management
Not AvailableMealy Bugs In Cotton And Their ManagementNot Availabl