Total Factor Energy Efficiency of Yangtze River Delta Region in China

Energy is always the important material for economic growth and social development. A new index of energy efficiency called total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) consists of energy, capital, labor and other input that produce GDP as output. TFEE index is accounted by DEA through multiple input-output frameworks. Malmquist index measures productivity changing in two periods. Then decomposed the Malmquist index into efficiency change (EFFCH) and technical change (TECH) to estimate whether EFFCH or TECH influence TFEE. This paper analyze the energy consumption of two provinces and one city in Yangtze River Delta region, in terms of the quality of energy consumption and intensity of energy consumption. It shows that the increasing rate of energy consumption in the Yangtze River Delta was slowing down by using the absolute quantity of energy consumed in the region and its proportion in the country. Then the total factor energy efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta region was estimated by using the Yangtze River Delta region's energy consumption and economic growth data during from 1992 to 2010, based on DEA-Malmquist. The changes of total factor energy efficiency can be decomposed in energy efficiency and find the energy efficiency trends. The empirical results show that the Yangtze River Delta region, due to technological progress and technical efficiency, pulls together all the elements of energy efficiency. With time as a dimension, from 1992 to 2008, the TFEE is greater than 1, which means that the TFP is increasing and reaches the efficient frontier in the Yangtze River Delta Region. In a deeper analysis, the trend of total factor energy efficiency shows a W pattern, with the high point appearing in 1998 and 2007 by 5.4% and 5.2% respectively. And the main cause is the technical progress. With region as a dimension, from 1992 to 2008, the TFEE of the provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta Region are greater than 1. It indicates that the TFE climbs and reaches the efficient frontier. However, in Shanghai the TFEE is 1.060 which is the highest, followed by Jiangsu and Zhejiang

Research of Legal Issues of Employment Discrimination Against Female Migrant Workers

Since the reform and opening policy, the number of Chinese labors has been increasing for over 30 years, of which women labors take up a substantial percentage. Women labors have made great contribution to modernization of socialism, industrialization and urbanization. However, phenomena of employment discriminations to women labors still exist everywhere. Though in Labor Law, Employment Promotion Law many rules stipulate that people should not be kept away from discrimination because of gender or registration, in practice, defects that subjects and responsibilities and so on, are blurry, still confuse us a lot. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from other countries, with an advanced legal system of anti-employment discrimination, our current status need considering fully as well. Only through these can we provide a guarantee of women labor employment in the future, justice of employment order, in order to promote the construction of Socialism

Image Encryption Performance Evaluation Based on Poker Test

The fast development of image encryption requires performance evaluation metrics. Traditional metrics like entropy do not consider the correlation between local pixel and its neighborhood. These metrics cannot estimate encryption based on image pixel coordinate permutation. A novel effectiveness evaluation metric is proposed in this paper to address the issue. The cipher text image is transformed to bit stream. Then, Poker Test is implemented. The proposed metric considers the neighbor correlations of image by neighborhood selection and clip scan. The randomness of the cipher text image is tested by calculating the chi-square test value. Experiment results verify the efficiency of the proposed metrics

Industrial wireless sensor networks 2016

The industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) is the next frontier in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which is able to help industrial organizations to gain competitive advantages in industrial manufacturing markets by increasing productivity, reducing the costs, developing new products and services, and deploying new business models. The IWSN can bridge the gap between the existing industrial systems and cyber networks to offer both new challenges and opportunities for manufacturers