6,993 research outputs found
Experimental study of quantum random number generator based on two independent lasers
Quantum random number generator (QRNG) can produce true randomness by
utilizing the inherent probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. Recently, the
spontaneous-emission quantum phase noise of the laser has been widely deployed
for QRNG, due to its high rate, low cost and the feasibility of chip-scale
integration. Here, we perform a comprehensive experimental study of phase-noise
based QRNG with two independent lasers, each of which operates in either
continuous-wave (CW) or pulsed mode. We implement QRNGs by operating the two
lasers in three configurations, namely CW+CW, CW+pulsed and pulsed+pulsed, and
demonstrate their tradeoffs, strengths and weaknesses.Comment: 7pages,6figures.It has been accepted by PR
3D quantum Hall effect of Fermi arcs in topological semimetals
The quantum Hall effect is usually observed in 2D systems. We show that the
Fermi arcs can give rise to a distinctive 3D quantum Hall effect in topological
semimetals. Because of the topological constraint, the Fermi arc at a single
surface has an open Fermi surface, which cannot host the quantum Hall effect.
Via a "wormhole" tunneling assisted by the Weyl nodes, the Fermi arcs at
opposite surfaces can form a complete Fermi loop and support the quantum Hall
effect. The edge states of the Fermi arcs show a unique 3D distribution, giving
an example of (d-2)-dimensional boundary states. This is distinctly different
from the surface-state quantum Hall effect from a single surface of topological
insulator. As the Fermi energy sweeps through the Weyl nodes, the sheet Hall
conductivity evolves from the 1/B dependence to quantized plateaus at the Weyl
nodes. This behavior can be realized by tuning gate voltages in a slab of
topological semimetal, such as the TaAs family, CdAs, or NaBi. This
work will be instructive not only for searching transport signatures of the
Fermi arcs but also for exploring novel electron gases in other topological
phases of matter.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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