Landau Ghosts and Anti-Ghosts in Condensed Matter and High Density Hadronic Matter

It is observed that the ``ghost'' (originally discovered by Landau in quantum electro-dynamics) and its counterparts in other theories are indeed ubiquitous as they occur in a one-loop approximation to any conventional (unbroken) gauge theory. The mechanism is first exposed in its generality via the Dyson equation and a simple but explicit example in condensed matter is provided through the static Clausius-Mossotti and its dynamic counterpart the Lorenz-Lorentz equation. The physical phase transition phenomenon associated with it is found to be super-radiance. We verify quantitatively that water (and many other polar liquids) are indeed super-radiant at room temperature. In quantum chromo-dynamics on the other hand, we encounter, thanks to asymptotic freedom, an ``anti-ghost'' which is closely associated with color confinement. Thus, in QCD, free quarks and glue exist in a super-radiant phase and hadronic matter in the normal one.Comment: LaTeX 12 Pages and 2 *.eps Figure

Shock Waves in Dusty Gas with Radiation Effects

The jump conditions across a three dimensional curved shock in dusty gas with radiation have been derived. The general Rankine-Hugoniot relations for a three dimensional curved shock in dusty gas with radiation are investigated. These relations differ considerably from those without radiation effects. The most important parameter is the ratio of radiation pressure to the pressure of the mixture (gas+dust), ie the radiation pressure number Rp. The successive approximations have been used for different cases depending upon the value of radiation pressure number. In certain cases, the result. may be expressed in terms of an effective ratio of specific heats and an effective dusty gas pressure. A general method of solution is given and some numerical results are obtained

Transverse Momentum Distribution and Elliptic Flow of Charged Hadrons in UU+UU collisions at sNN=193\sqrt{s_{NN}}=193 GeV using HYDJET++

Recent experimental observations of the charged hadron properties in $U+U$ collisions at $193$ GeV contradict many of the theoretical models of particle production including two-component Monte Carlo Glauber model. The experimental results show a small correlation between the charged hadron properties and the initial geometrical configurations (e.g. body-body, tip-tip etc.) of $U+U$ collisions. In this article, we have modified the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model to study the charged hadron production in $U+U$ collisions at $193$ GeV center-of-mass energy in tip-tip and body-body initial configurations. We have modified the hard as well as soft production processes to make this model suitable for $U+U$ collisions. We have calculated the pseudorapidity distribution, transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow distribution of charged hadrons with different control parameters in various geometrical configurations possible for $U+U$ collision. We find that HYDJET++ model supports a small correlation between the various properties of charged hadrons and the initial geometrical configurations of $U+U$ collision. Further, the results obtained in modified HYDJET++ model regarding $dn_{ch}/d\eta$ and elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) suitably matches with the experimental data of $U+U$ collisions in minimum bias configuration.Comment: 29 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for Publication in EPJ

Three Dimensional Shock Waves in a Gaseous Medium Containing Dust Particles

In this Paper the discontinuous jump in the flow parameters such as density, Pressure, energy, velocity, enthalpy, entropy, etc., across the three dimensional shock wave in a dusty medium which is a homogeneous mixture of a perfect gas and dust particles with no heat conduction or viscosity has been computed. We have also obtained the relations for density shock strength and pressure shock strength respectively in a medium