A High Galactic Latitude HI 21cm-line Absorption Survey using the GMRT: II. Results and Interpretation

We have carried out a sensitive high-latitude (|b| > 15deg.) HI 21cm-line absorption survey towards 102 sources using the GMRT. With a 3-sigma detection limit in optical depth of ~0.01, this is the most sensitive HI absorption survey. We detected 126 absorption features most of which also have corresponding HI emission features in the Leiden Dwingeloo Survey of Galactic neutral Hydrogen. The histogram of random velocities of the absorption features is well-fit by two Gaussians centered at V(lsr) ~ 0 km/s with velocity dispersions of 7.6 +/- 0.3 km/s and 21 +/- 4 km/s respectively. About 20% of the HI absorption features form the larger velocity dispersion component. The HI absorption features forming the narrow Gaussian have a mean optical depth of 0.20 +/- 0.19, a mean HI column density of (1.46 +/- 1.03) X 10^{20} cm^{-2}, and a mean spin temperature of 121 +/- 69 K. These HI concentrations can be identified with the standard HI clouds in the cold neutral medium of the Galaxy. The HI absorption features forming the wider Gaussian have a mean optical depth of 0.04 +/- 0.02, a mean HI column density of (4.3 +/- 3.4) X 10^{19} cm^{-2}, and a mean spin temperature of 125 +/- 82 K. The HI column densities of these fast clouds decrease with their increasing random velocities. These fast clouds can be identified with a population of clouds detected so far only in optical absorption and in HI emission lines with a similar velocity dispersion. This population of fast clouds is likely to be in the lower Galactic Halo.Comment: 19 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Astrophysics & Astronom

The interstellar clouds of Adams and Blaauw revisited: an HI absorption study - I

This investigation is aimed at clarifying the nature of the interstellar gas seen in absorption against bright O and B stars. Towards this end we have obtained for the first time HI absorption spectra towards radio sources very close to the lines of sight towards 25 bright stars previously studied. In this paper we describe the selection criteria, the details regarding our observations, and finally present the absorption spectra. In the accompanying paper we analyse the results and draw conclusions.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, accepted by Journal of Astrophysics and Astronom

Schwinger's Propagator Is Only A Green's Function

Schwinger used an analytic continuation of the effective action to correctly compute the particle production rate per unit volume for QED in a uniform electric field. However, if one simply evaluates the one loop expectation value of the current operator using his propagator, the result is zero! We analyze this curious fact from the context of a canonical formalism of operators and states. The explanation turns out to be that Schwinger's propagator is not actually the expectation value of the time-ordered product of field operators in the presence of a time-independent state, although it is of course a Green's function. We compute the true propagator in the presence of a state which is empty at $x_+ = 0$ where $x_+ \equiv (x^0+x^3)/\sqrt{2}$ is the lightcone evolution parameter. Our result can be generalized to electric fields which depend arbitrarily on $x_+$.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX 2 epsilo

Method of complex paths and general covariance of Hawking radiation

We apply the technique of complex paths to obtain Hawking radiation in different coordinate representations of the Schwarzschild space-time. The coordinate representations we consider do not possess a singularity at the horizon unlike the standard Schwarzschild coordinate. However, the event horizon manifests itself as a singularity in the expression for the semi-classical action. This singularity is regularized by using the method of complex paths and we find that Hawking radiation is recovered in these coordinates indicating the covariance of Hawking radiation. This also shows that there is no correspondence between the particles detected by the model detector and the particle spectrum obtained by the quantum field theoretic analysis -- a result known in other contexts as well.Comment: 9 pages, uses MPLA Style file, Accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Letts.

Linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy of a strongly-coupled microdisk-quantum dot system

A fiber taper waveguide is used to perform direct optical spectroscopy of a microdisk-quantum-dot system, exciting the system through the photonic (light) channel rather than the excitonic (matter) channel. Strong coupling, the regime of coherent quantum interactions, is demonstrated through observation of vacuum Rabi splitting in the transmitted and reflected signals from the cavity. The fiber coupling method also allows the examination of the system's steady-state nonlinear properties, where saturation of the cavity-QD response is observed for less than one intracavity photon.Comment: adjusted references, added minor clarification