52 research outputs found
Raloxifene: Mechanism of Action, Effects on Bone Tissue, and Applicability in Clinical Traumatology Practice
Raloxifene, a member of the class of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM), reproduces the beneficial effects of estrogens on the skeletal systems, without the negative effects estrogens on breast and endometrium
Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in adults after traumatic brain injury
Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of long-term disability with variable recovery. Preclinical studies suggest that vitamin D status influences recovery after TBI. However, there is no published clinical data on links between vitamin D status and TBI outcomes. To determine the: (i) prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and associations of vitamin D status with (ii) demographic factors and TBI severity, and with (iii) cognitive function, symptoms and quality of life, in adults after TBI. Design: Retrospective audit of patients seen between July 2009 and March 2015. Serum vitamin D (25- hydroxy-cholecalciferol) was categorised as deficient (70nmol/L). Patients: 353 adults seen in tertiary hospital clinic (75.4% lighter-skinned, 74.8% male, age median 35.1y, range 26.6-48.3y), 0.3-56.5 months after TBI (74.5% moderate-severe). Measurements: Serum vitamin D concentrations; Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-R), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), SF-36 Quality of Life, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: 46.5% of patients after TBI had vitamin D deficiency and 80.2% insufficiency/deficiency. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had lower ACE-R scores than those vitamin D replete (mean effect size ± SEM 4.5 ± 2.1, P=0.034), and higher BDI-II scores than those vitamin D insufficient (4.5 ± 1.6, P=0.003), correcting for age, gender, time since TBI, TBI severity. There was no association between vitamin D status and markers of TBI severity, sleep or quality of life. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients after TBI and associated with impaired cognitive function and more severe depressive symptoms
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