Culturing Bursaphelenchus cocophilus in vitro and in vivo.

Red ring disease (RRD) is of particular importance in many African oil palms- and coconut-producing regions in Central and South America and the Caribbean. Its causal agent, the nematode Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Baujard, causes extensive damage to tissues in the plant trunk that typically leads to plant death within months. Nearly 100 years after its first report RRD remains understudied largely because the nematode cannot be cultured in vivo or in vitro, what hinders sustained research efforts on basic and applied aspects of the pathosystem. To overcome this problem we attempted in vivo culturing in coconut seedlings, paying attention to aspects that had been overlooked in previous trials. We also attempted in vitro culturing on several fungi endophytic to healthy and RRD-affected coconut trees. In the two in vivo assays performed we were able to recover hundreds of nematodes from the seedlings up to 60 days after inoculation, but the nematodes seemed unable to sustain parasitism in most seedlings. No nematode was recovered from the endophytic fungal cultures in neither of the two assays performed. Hence B. cocophilus continues to stand as the only obligatory plant-parasitic species of the speciose genus Bursaphelenchus and a somewhat intractable plant-parasitic nematode to study on

Consumption, Wealth, Stock and Housing Returns: Evidence from Emerging Markets

In this paper, we show, using the consumer's budget constraint, that the residuals of the trend relationship among consumption, aggregate wealth, and labour income should predict both stock returns and housing returns. We use quarterly data for a panel of 31 emerging economies and find that, when agents expect future stock returns to be higher, they will temporarily allow consumption to rise. Regarding housing returns, if housing assets are complementary to stocks, then investors react in the same way. If, however, the increase in the exposure through risky assets is achieved by lowering the share of wealth held in the form of housing (i.e., when stock and housing assets are substitutes), then they will temporarily reduce their consumption.consumption, wealth, stock returns, housing returns, emerging markets

Are Stock and Housing Returns Complements or Substitutes?: Evidence from OECD Countries

In this paper we use a representative consumer model to analyse the equilibrium relation between the transitory deviations from the common trend among consumption, aggregate wealth, and labour income, cay, and focus on the implications for both stock returns and housing returns. The evidence based on data for 15 OECD countries shows that when agents expect future stock returns to be higher, they will temporarily allow consumption to rise. Regarding housing returns, if housing assets are seen as complements to stocks, then investors react in the same way, but if they are instead treated as substitutes consumption will be temporarily reduced.consumption, wealth, stock returns, housing returns, OECD countries

An Empirical Evaluation of an Evolutionary Game Theory Model of the Labor Market

In this paper we intend to perform an empirical evaluation of the evolutionary game theory model of the labor market developed by Araujo and Souza (2010). In order to accomplish this task we focus on the Brazilian labor market by using data from the National Household Sampling Survey – PNAD/IBGE, from 1995 to 2008. We used four different methodologies: the OLS, Pseudo-panel with fixed effects, Instrumental Variables and the Heckman Selection Model. Results indicate that the main difference between the 1995-2002 and 2003-2008 period is the impact of education over wages. According to these findings, investments in education were more profitable for the 2003-2008 period. However, all wage gaps between formal and informal markets reduced considerably.formal and informal and labor market, evolutionary game theory.

A UTILIZAÇÃO DO NOME SOCIAL NOS ESTABELECIMENTOS DE ENSINO POR ESTUDANTES TRANSGÊNEROS MENORES DE IDADE SEM A NECESSIDADE DO CONSENTIMENTO DOS PAIS OU RESPONSÁVEIS

TCC(especialização) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Filosofia de Ciências Humanas. Gênero e Diversidade na Escola.O presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar às professoras e gestoras de estabelecimentos de ensino, através da análise crítica de leis e resoluções, a possibilidade de travestis e transexuais menores de idade, considerados pela legislação nacionais civilmente incapazes, utilizar o nome social sem a necessidade de autorização de pais ou responsáveis. Pretende-se dar a estas profissionais argumentos jurídicos válidos para defender os interesses das crianças e adolescentes, desconsiderando o chamado “pátrio poder” com base em princípios jurídicos contidos na legislação, caso sejam confrontadas por familiares que discordem da utilização do nome social por estas pessoas.The purpose of this study is to demonstrate to teachers and administrators of educational institutions, through the critical analysis of laws and resolutions, the possibility of transvestites and transsexuals under age, considered incapable by the national law, to use the social name without the necessity of parental authorization. The aim is to contribute with legal arguments to defend the interests of children and teenagers, disregarding the so-called "power paternity" based on legal principles enclosed in the legislation, if confronted by relatives who disagree about the use of the social name by these individuals

External debt sustainability under different policy rules

The paper develops a Kaleckian macroeconomic model which discusses the conditions that may lead to an external debt crisis in a small developing economy fully integrated to global goods and financial markets. The focus is on how policy rules affect the stability of the economy. Two kinds of policy rules are discussed, namely an inflation rate target and a real exchange rate target, implemented through an interest rate operation procedure (IROP). It is argued that in both cases the evolution of the real exchange rate should be closely monitored to avoid external instability.central banks, open economy, external crisis

Análise de falhas mecânicas em próteses fixas realizadas na clínica III do curso de Odontologia da UFSC – Um estudo piloto

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.Estudos sobre a incidência de falhas em Próteses Fixas realizadas em Cursos de Graduação em Odontologia são escassos no Brasil. Esse trabalho avaliou a incidência das falhas mecânicas em Próteses Fixas (PF) realizadas pelos alunos na Clínica III (ODT7016) do Curso de Graduação em Odontologia da UFSC. Pacientes atendidos na universidade que tiveram suas próteses confeccionadas entre 2010 e 2014 foram submetidos à avaliação clínico-radiográfica e ao exame periodontal. Buscou-se também informações relevantes nos prontuários dos pacientes armazenados no Serviço de Triagem. Vinte pacientes atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade, totalizando 60 PF (26 coroas unitárias, 25 retentores intrarradiculares e 9 próteses parciais fixas). As falhas protéticas mais prevalentes foram: impacção alimentar por falha no contato proximal (37,1%), incompatibilidade de cor e de forma (17,1%), desadaptação marginal (11,4%), desgaste do material de revestimento (8,3%) e contato prematuro (5,7%). Conclui-se que a taxa de sucesso dos tratamentos com próteses fixas realizadas nesta universidade foi de 35%. Com isso, sugere-se um maior rigor no planejamento e execução dos tratamentos, desde o preenchimento do prontuário à inserção dos pacientes no programa de manutenção e controle das próteses após o término de seu tratamento para obter-se maior longevidade e previsibilidade das PF