Uma nova proposta de indicadores de sustentabilidade na mineração

The mineral industry has commitments towards sustainability that are urgent and permanent. The sectorrepresents a rich field of analysis for the encounter of economic and environmental rationalities. Dueto the scale of activities and socio-environmental impacts, and their operation under heavy pressuresfrom the global commodities markets, it is important to understand the recent evolution of this sector. Inparallel, building sustainability indicators to monitor regions with large mines is a growing imperative.This article discusses various features of sustainable development and analyzes existing categories ofsustainability indicators for mining, based on recent literature. It also proposes sustainability indicatorsfor industrial mining, in the environmental, economic and social spheres, adaptable to tropical regions,including the Carajás Mineral Province, southeast of Pará State (Amazon, Brazil).A indústria mineral tem compromissos permanentes e inadiáveis com a sustentabilidade. O setor representa um rico campo de análise sobre o encontro entre as racionalidades econômica e ambiental. Justamente pela magnitude das escalas em que as mineradoras atuam e de seus impactos socioambientais, e por operarem sob pesadas pressões que incidem no mercado global de commodities, importa compreender essa evolução recente no setor. Em paralelo, é imperativo construir indicadores para monitorar a sustentabilidade em regiões que abrigam grandes minas. Este artigo discute os diversos aspectos do desenvolvimento sustentável e analisa as categorias propostas de indicadores de sustentabilidade na mineração, com base em literatura recente. A partir daí, propõe um conjunto de indicadores de sustentabilidade para a mineração industrial, nos eixos ambiental, econômico e social, com aderência a regiões tropicais, entre as quais a Província Mineral de Carajás, localizada na região sudeste do estado do Pará (Amazônia, Brasil)

A qualitative analysis of a corpus of opinion summaries based on aspects

Aspect-based opinion summarization is the task of automatically generating a summary\ud for some aspects of a specific topic from a set of opinions. In most cases, to evaluate the quality of the automatic summaries, it is necessary to have a reference corpus of human\ud summaries to analyze how similar they are. The scarcity of corpora in that task has been a limiting factor for many research works. In this paper, we introduce OpiSums-PT, a corpus of extractive and abstractive summaries of opinions written in Brazilian Portuguese. We use this corpus to analyze how similar human summaries are and how people take into account the issues of aspect coverage and sentimento orientation to generate manual summaries. The results of these analyses show that human summaries are diversified and people generate summaries only for some aspects, keeping the overall sentiment orientation with little variation.Samsung Eletrônica da Amazônia Ltda

Calagem e desenvolvimento radicular, nutrição e produção de laranja 'Valência' sobre porta-enxertos e sistemas de preparo do solo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da calagem e de porta-enxertos sobre a quantidade de raízes, a nutrição e a produção de laranjeira 'Valência', em diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo. O experimento foi instalado em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subsubdivididas e três repetições. As parcelas consistiram de dois sistemas de preparo do solo: convencional e com preparo mínimo. As subparcelas consistiram de níveis de calagem: com ou sem. As subsubparcelas consitiram de três porta-enxertos: limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia), tangerineira 'Cleópatra' (Citrus reshni) e Poncirus trifoliata. O tratamento com calagem recebeu 3 Mg ha-1 de calcário dolomítico, antes da implantação, e 1,65 Mg ha-1 quatro anos após o plantio. A produção foi avaliada durante 12 anos; o teor de Ca e Mg nas folhas foram avaliados 13 anos após a implantação do experimento; e as raízes e as características químicas do solo, 14 anos após a implantação. O preparo de solo, e sua interação com os demais fatores, não influenciou as variáveis avaliadas. O limoeiro 'Cravo' adaptou-se melhor à acidez, ao Al e a menores teores de Ca e Mg no solo, e não respondeu ao tratamento com calagem. Poncirus trifoliata apresentou a pior adaptação à acidez do solo, com aumentos de 126% na quantidade de raízes e de 26,4% na produção de frutos em razão da calagem

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Measurement of exclusive pion pair production in proton–proton collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The exclusive production of pion pairs in the process pp→ ppπ+π- has been measured at s=7TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, using 80μb-1 of low-luminosity data. The pion pairs were detected in the ATLAS central detector while outgoing protons were measured in the forward ATLAS ALFA detector system. This represents the first use of proton tagging to measure an exclusive hadronic final state at the LHC. A cross-section measurement is performed in two kinematic regions defined by the proton momenta, the pion rapidities and transverse momenta, and the pion–pion invariant mass. Cross-section values of 4.8±1.0(stat)-0.2+0.3(syst)μb and 9±6(stat)-2+2(syst)μb are obtained in the two regions; they are compared with theoretical models and provide a demonstration of the feasibility of measurements of this type