Restrictions over two-dimensional gauge models with Thirring-like interaction

Some years ago, it was shown how fermion self-interacting terms of the Thirring-type impact the usual structure of massless two-dimensional gauge theories [1]. In that work only the cases of pure vector and pure chiral gauge couplings have been considered and the corresponding Thirring term was also pure vector and pure chiral respectively, such that the vector (or chiral) Schwinger model should not lose its chirality structure due to the addition of the quartic interaction term. Here we extend this analysis to a generalized vector and axial coupling both for the gauge interaction and the quartic fermionic interactions. The idea is to perform quantization without losing the original structure of the gauge coupling. In order to do that we make use of an arbitrariness in the definition of the Thirring-like interaction.Comment: 9 pages, no figure

Capital Accumulation Process and Resilience: urban planning and redevelopment of port areas, a case study of Santos (Brazil)

The present work aims at outlining a current urban scenario of the urban planning implemented in the city of Santos (Brazil), especially the policies of urban and port requalification through the analysis of the actions of Alegra Centro Program. Alegra Centro is the name of the Revitalization and Development Program of the Historical Central Region of Santos. The program was created by the city government in February of 2003 and the analysis is focused on the last decade. The program is based on strategic actions and goals for development of the central area of Santos and its port. It also stimulates the resumption of economic development through actions in the following areas: improvement of the urban landscape; preservation and restoration of historical sites, artistic and landscape heritage; integration between the pier and the central area among others. Based on Harvey (2002) and others authors this paper identifies the process of capital accumulation and reproduction in the local space through the analysis of the developing urban requalification policy, therefore the resilience of the urban space (THACKARA, 2009), and its historical relationship in the process of the city urban planning. This work also deals with the transformations of the urban space of the city of Santos, from the physical and social point of view. It discusses the realized actions in the process of urban requalification and compares them with the ones taken towards housing policy. The proposal of the present work verifies that the project of requalification of Santos is indeed one that privileges the allocation of public resources in a strategic site of the city. Furthermore, would not the implementation of the urban requalification model be the adoption of “displaced ideas” (SCHWARZ, 1999) therefore the importation of models without considering the specificities, local reality and social fragilities? It discusses and concludes the following hypotheses: the proposal of requalification is more of an ideological rhetoric, which perpetuates the accumulation of capital, therefore the resilience of the urban space; the studied demonstrates the impact of the proposals in the urban dynamics and reality and its social issue. It confirms the thesis that the ongoing redevelopment project in the city of Santos is an urban policy that favors the allocation of public resources in strategic areas of the city, especially in the central area, for the benefit of private entrepreneurs. And finally it demonstrates the city plan or scheme that is being implemented in Santos, which is the allocation of public resources in the city central area as a public strategic that has been deepened the social issues without considering the local residents

Anderson localization on the Falicov-Kimball model with Coulomb disorder

The role of Coulomb disorder is analysed in the Anderson-Falicov-Kimball model. Phase diagrams of correlated and disordered electron systems are calculated within dynamical mean-field theory applied to the Bethe lattice, in which metal-insulator transitions led by structural and Coulomb disorders and correlation can be identified. Metallic, Mott insulator, and Anderson insulator phases, as well as the crossover between them are studied in this perspective. We show that Coulomb disorder has a relevant role in the phase-transition behavior as the system is led towards the insulator regime

Composição florística da vegetação arbórea nativa do sub-bosque de 30 povoamentos comerciais de Eucalyptus spp do sudeste do Brasil.

Foram revisados 30 trabalhos que observaram a diversidade de espécies arbóreas no sub-bosque de plantios comerciais de Eucalyptus spp. A área média dos fragmentos avaliados é de 21 ha e a diversidade de espécies arbóreas é de 56 ind/ha. O menor fragmento possui 0,3 ha e o maior 150 ha. Ao todo foram encontrados 76 famílias, 282 gêneros e 788 espécies. Apesar da carência de trabalhos e do pequeno tamanho dos fragmentos, o número de espécies encontradas é relevante e qualifica esse tipo de fragmento florestal como útil para o surgimento, desenvolvimento e manutenção de espécies florestais nativas. As cinco espécies que mais ocorreram foram: Casearia sylvestris Sw., Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam., Siparuna guianensis Aubl., Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. e Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) Macbr. Foram encontradas 34 espécies com algum grau de ameaça de extinção de acordo com a lista de espécies ameaçadas do Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo. Comprovando a importância desses fragmentos para o desenvolvimento e manutenção de espécies ameaçadas. De todas as espécies relacionadas somente 15% são pioneiras. Mostrando que o sub-bosque favorece o desenvolvimento de espécies mais tardias. A forma de dispersão de sementes predominante é a zoocoria, onde acima de 60% das espécies apresentam essa característica. Esse fato mostra a importância da presença de fragmentos nativos e animais dispersores próximos as áreas de Eucaliptus. Conclui-se que os fragmentos de sub-bosque são capazes de manter uma diversidade elevada de espécies lenhosas nativas. Verifica-se a possibilidade de se recuperar áreas florestais por meio da retirada dos indivíduos de Eucalyptus, conciliando essa forma de recuperação com a Lei Estadual Paulista nº 12.927/2008 e o Decreto nº 53.939/2009 que permitem a compensação da Reserva Legal através do plantio de espécies exóticas intercaladas às nativas, oferecendo uma alternativa economicamente viável para a sua recomposição

Three path interference using nuclear magnetic resonance: a test of the consistency of Born's rule

The Born rule is at the foundation of quantum mechanics and transforms our classical way of understanding probabilities by predicting that interference occurs between pairs of independent paths of a single object. One consequence of the Born rule is that three way (or three paths) quantum interference does not exist. In order to test the consistency of the Born rule, we examine detection probabilities in three path intereference using an ensemble of spin-1/2 quantum registers in liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (LSNMR). As a measure of the consistency, we evaluate the ratio of three way interference to two way interference. Our experiment bounded the ratio to the order of $10^{-3} \pm 10^{-3}$, and hence it is consistent with Born's rule.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures; Improved presentation of figures 1 and 4, changes made in section 2 to better describe the experiment, minor changes throughout, and added several reference