Bias in the Wetherall estimates of Z/K and L due to population disequilibria

Population structure, Simulation, Statistical analysis

Coupled capillary and gravity-driven instability in a liquid film overlying a porous layer.

In this work, we study the problem of onset of thermal convection in a fluid layer overlying a porous layer, the whole system being heated from below. We use Brinkman's model to describe the porous medium and determine the corresponding linear stability equations. The eigenvalue problem is solved by means of a modified Galerkin method. The behavior of the critical wave number and temperature gradient is discussed in terms of the various parameters of the system. We also emphasize the influence of the boundary conditions at the upper surface of the fluid layer; in particular, we examine the role of a free surface whose surface tension is temperature dependent (Marangoni effect). Comparison with earlier works is also made.Journal ArticleSCOPUS: ar.jSCOPUS: ar.jSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Crescimento relativo em Uca leptodactyla Rathbun (Crustacea Decapoda Ocypodidae) Relative growth in the fiddler crab Uca leptodactyla Rathbun (Crustacea Decapoda Ocypodidae)

<abstract language="eng">Relative growth of the male major chela and female abdome was studied in a population of the fiddler crab Uca leptodactyla Rathbun, 1898 from Itapoá, Santa Catarina coast, southern Brazil. Major chela length (CMQ) was measured from 191 males, and abdomen width (LAB) from 128 females. Carapace width (LC) was the reference dimension for both sexes, which ranged from 3.9 to 11.5 mm for males, and from 3.15 to 10.65 mm for females. Males grew bigger than females. Relationship between CMQ and LC showed a transition point at 8.35 mm LC in males, and between LA and LC at 7.10 mm LC in females. Growth was allometrically positive in the early ontogenesis and isometric after the puberal molting for both sexes. Regressions between LC and CMQ in males read as: logCMQ = -0,854536 + 2,19. logLC for empirical points at left of critical point and logCMQ = 0,063047 + 1,24. logLC for those at right. In females, this relation was logLAB = -0,603590 + 1,30. logLC and logLAB = -0,361464 + 1,07. logLC, respectively. These body dimensions were connected with reproductive activity of this species

Alometria no crescimento de Uca mordax (Smith) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) na Baía de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brasil Allometric growth in the fiddler crab Uca mordax (Smith) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) from Guaratuba Bay, Parana, Brazil

Um estudo do crescimento relativo da maior quela do macho e do abdome da fêmea foi realizado numa população do caranguejo chama-maré Uca mordax (Smith, 1870) ocorrente no extremo oeste da Baía de Guaratuba, Paraná, sul do Brasil. O comprimento da maior quela (CMQ) foi medido em 319 machos, e a largura do abdome (LAB) em 356 fêmeas. Adicionalmente, seis chama-marés sexualmente indiferenciados foram analisados. A largura da carapaça (LC) foi escolhida como dimensão de referência para ambos os sexos, a qual variou de 1,94 a 20,0 mm para machos, de 2,50 a 18,85 mm para fêmeas, e de 1,94 a 3,15 para os indivíduos sexualmente indiferenciados. A relação entre o LC e CMQ mostrou um ponto de inflexão em 11,70 mm LC nos machos, e entre LC e LAB, em 8,77 mm LC dentre as fêmeas. Os machos (média LC = 14,24 mm) atingiram tamanhos pouco maiores do que as fêmeas (média LC = 13,97 mm). O crescimento foi alométrico positivo durante toda a ontogênese de ambos os sexos, isto é, antes e depois da muda puberal. As equações das relações entre LC e CMQ nos machos foram: logCMQ = -0,542265 + 1,51.logLC para machos juvenis e logCMQ = -1,446281 + 2,37.logLC para machos adultos. Nas fêmeas, a relação entre LC e LAB foi: logLAB = -0,607282 + 1,22.logLC e logLAB = -0,912074 + 1,60.logLC, respectivamente, para juvenis e adultas. Estas dimensões estão relacionadas com as atividades reprodutivas da espécie. O nível de alometria do CMQ dos machos adultos de U. mordax foi o mais alto dentre as espécies do gênero, cujo crescimento relativo desta dimensão foi estudado. A proporção de machos destros foi estatisticamente a mesma daqueles sinistros (1:1).<br>Relative growth of the male major chela and female abdomen was studied in a population of the fiddler crab Uca mordax (Smith, 1870) from Guaratuba Bay, Parana, Southern Brazil. Major chela length (CMQ) was measured from 319 males, and abdomen width (LAB) from 356 females. Also six small sexually undifferentiated crabs were measured. Carapace width (LC) was the reference dimension for both sexes, which ranged from 1.94 to 20.0 mm for males, from 2.50 to 18.85 mm for females, and from 1.94 to 3.15 mm for sexually undifferentiated crabs. Relationship between LC and CMQ showed a transition point at 11.70 mm LC in males, and between LC and LAB, at 8.77 mm LC in females. Males (mean LC = 14.24 mm) showed a slightly greater size than females (mean LC = 13,97 mm). These dimensions had positive allometrical growth during all life for both sexes: before and after the puberal molting. Regressions between LC and CMQ in males read as: logCMQ = -0,542265 + 1,51.logLC for male juveniles and logCMQ = -1,446281 + 2,37.logLC for male adults. In females, the regressions between LC and LAB were: logLAB = -0,607282 + 1,22.logLC for juveniles and logLAB = -0,912074 + 1,60.logLC for adults. These body dimensions are related to reproductive activities of this species. The level of allometry in CMQ of adult males was the highest among Uca species which relative growth of this dimension is known. The handedness had a proportion of 1:1 between right-handed and left-handed males