SYNTHETIC AMPHIDIPLOID WHEAT – A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF RAISING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Synthetic wheat is from the genetic point of view an amphidiploid which combines the genome of parents. It often exhibits superior characteristics that contribute to the enlargement of genetic variation in breeding programs or in the development of new varieties. Breeding programs of NARDI Fundulea, the most important agricultural research unit in Romania began to increase genetic variability by incorporating wild genes to exploit the improvement of wheat through crosses with wild ancestors and succeeded in creating lines of synthetic wheat with some higher quality components. Experimented lines of these programs proved to be an efficient and beneficial source of new genes for common wheat quality from the southern area of Romania

Environmental Conditions and Genotype Influence Upon Some Correlations Value to Few Lines of Winter Wheat

Twenty-five mutant/recombinant lines and the two parental forms of winter wheat were taken into study to assess the correlations between grain yield and some quality traits. This investigation was carried out at ARDS Caracal of University of Craiova, during 2015-2018 cropping seasons in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. It included two factors: A– influence of climatic conditions (2016-2017 favorable conditions (A1); 2017-2018 less favorable (A2) and 2018-2019 abnormal conditions (A3) and b – genotype. Observations were recorded after harvest for grain yield and some quality traits every year after harvest. All the analyzed traits such as proteins, starch, TKW, seeds number/ear, seeds weight/100, seeds weight/ear indicate the experimented material combine well high level of yield and superior quality percent in the grains

Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices and Nitrogen Fertilization for Some Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Genotypes

Water is essential to maximize crop yield and quality. This natural resource has assumed huge importance, especially in the warmest areas, where drought and environmental degradation has affected agricultural production. In order to identify drought tolerance of some groundnut genotypes and to investigate the relationships between seed yield, quality and drought tolerance indices a study was made using 10 promising genotypes. The experiment was carried out during 2014-2017 and sowed under randomized block design with four replicates. It included three factors: two levels of irrigation (a1 – non - irrigated and a2 - irrigated), two levels of fertilization (b1 – non-fertilized and b2 - 100 active Nitrogen/ha) and genotype (C1-C10). Seed yield depending on the influence of the factor, varied from 535.95 Kg/ha (non-irrigated) to 2020.95 Kg/ha (irrigated); from 1055.30 Kg/ha (non-fertilized) to 1501 Kg/ha (fertilized) and from 1111.30 Kg/ha to 1388 Kg/ha depending on genotype. Same influence factors for protein content varied from 25.65% (irrigated) to 28.61% (non-irrigated); from 26.33% (non-fertilized) to 27.93% (fertilized) and from 25.59% to 28.52% depending on genotype. Stress susceptibility index (SSI) varied from 0.964 to 1.040; Stress Tolerance Index (STI) from 0.138 to 0.435; Mean Productivity (MP) from 883.5 to 1616.0; Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) from 750.3 to 1332.7; Tolerance index (TOL) from 933.0 to 1844.0; Harmonic Mean (HM) from 637.2 to 1099.0; Yield Index (YI) 0.777 to 1.308 and Yield Stability Index (YSI) from 0.236 to 0.309. High values of SSI, STI, YI, DI, RDI and SSPI indicate drought tolerance and those variants present high stability

The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Polyetylene Glycol on Wheat Germination

The present paper analyses the effect of pre-treatment with salicylic acid (SA) on germination and the growth of winter wheat seedlings in water stress conditions induced by polyetylene glycol (PEG). A two-factor experiment was conducted in a completely randomized projection. The first factor (A) included three levels: a1- distilled water - control; a2 - 0.25 mM SA; a3 - 0.75 mM SA and the second factor (B) included three levels: b1- distilled water; b2 - 15% PEG and b3 - 25% PEG. Biological material was represented by a DH winter wheat line. It were made observations on germination percentage (GP), root length (RL), cotyledons length (CL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI). After the analysis of the obtained results it can appreciate that the 25% PEG concentration played the main role for the significant decrease of the germination percentage (GP) and vigor index (VI). Also, seeds pre-treatment with 0.75 mM SA could be a way to improve germination characteristics in drought conditions

CONTRIBUTIONS REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATE-CONTINENTAL CLIMATE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NEW WHEAT LINES

The genetic diversity of wheat is high and continues to grow, which can contribute to the new challenges imposed by climate change. National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea-Romania, using diverse genetic resources and biotechnological methods obtained a series of DH mutant/recombinant lines that can be used in the next years in many cropping zones because as a result of experimentation proved to adapt easily in moderate temperate continental conditions from south Romania. To evaluate the effect of this climate on their agronomic performance, 13 lines and the two forms from which they were extracted, were sowed in ARDS Caracal where average long-term climatic data indicate an increase in temperature with almost 2.500C and also the frequency of periods with drought and high temperatures, as well as extreme weather events. In this context, the new lines represent a superior genetic material that can be made available to farmers and has proven capable of giving high, stable, and quality yields corresponding to market requirements, under the increasingly frequent conditions of some higher temperatures and fluctuations in the pluviometric regime

THE PRESENCE OF THE ROSA CANINA IN DIFFERENT PLANT COMMUNITIES IN ROMANIA

A principal objective of this study was to summarise the presence and distribution of the Rosa canina in the different plant communities in Romania. The Rosa canina species and its inter-taxa were identified in the 60 plant communities. The Rosa canina species and inter-taxa are included in various types of NATURA 2000 Habitats.Rosa canina are characteristic for the alliances Berberidion Br.-Bl. 1950 (Prunion spinosae Soó (1930) n.n 1940). In this paper also are referenced of the corology, ecology, phytocoenologie of plant communities with Rosa canina, as well as their conservation status

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS AND X RAYS UPON QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF GROUNDNUTS YIELD, IN IRIGATED CONDITIONS, ON SANDS

Groundnut variety Tamburesti experimentation by applying irrigation to 70% of the IUA took place at Tamburesti, R.S. in the years 2010, 2011 and 2012, on sand, poorly stocked with nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium medium.Chemical fertilizers and irrigation have ensured high production yields ranging between 114 and 604Kg/ha, both in variants where were applied N, P, K, and especially from those irradiated with high doses of radiation.They received superior and productions in terms of quantitative and qualitative N60P30K40 and irradiation by application of 6000 R, followed by N60P30K40 and irradiation of 9000 R

EXPERIMENTS UPON MUTAGENIC EFFICIENCY OF SOME X RAYS DOSES TO GROUNDNUT CROP

This research paper aims to investigate the mutagenic efficiency of Tambureşti and Venus groundnut varieties treated with X rays. Mutagenic efficiency is a measure of how often mutations result from the report between the number of punctual mutations and mutagenic dose applied. It is used to assess the effectiveness of each treatment with mutagenic factors used in breeding programmes. The assessing of mutagenic efficiency in the mutagenesis works allows breeders to identify useful treatments for obtaining the highest possible hereditary variations. The frequency of morphological changes was higher in Tamburesti variety in smaller doses (5.9% in 6000r and 4.1% in 5000r), while Venus variety presented same type o f frequency in bigger doses (8.7% in 9000r and 7.5% in 10000r).Mutagenic efficiency was observed to both varieties, in different doses, thereby ensuring the highest percentage of survival and pods formation