Identification of a Key Amino Acid of LuxS Involved in AI-2 Production in Campylobacter jejuni

Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) mediated quorum sensing has been associated with the expression of virulence factors in a number of pathogenic organisms and has been demonstrated to play a role in motility and cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) production in Campylobacter jejuni. We have initiated the work to determine the molecular basis of AI-2 synthesis and the biological functions of quorum sensing in C. jejuni. In this work, two naturally occurring variants of C. jejuni 81116 were identified, one producing high-levels of AI-2 while the other is defective in AI-2 synthesis. Sequence analysis revealed a G92D mutation in the luxS gene of the defective variant. Complementation of the AI-2− variant with a plasmid encoded copy of the wild-type luxS gene or reversion of the G92D mutation by site-directed mutagenesis fully restored AI-2 production by the variant. These results indicate that the G92D mutation alone is responsible for the loss of AI-2 activity in C. jejuni. Kinetic analyses showed that the G92D LuxS has a ∼100-fold reduced catalytic activity relative to the wild-type enzyme. Findings from this study identify a previously undescribed amino acid that is essential for AI-2 production by LuxS and provide a unique isogenic pair of naturally occurring variants for us to dissect the functions of AI-2 mediated quorum sensing in Campylobacter

Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a putative GTP-binding protein, YsxC, from Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis YsxC has been putatively identified as a member of the GTP-binding protein family. Gene-knockout/deletion analysis has suggested that this protein is essential for survival of the microorganism and hence may represent a target for the development of a novel anti-infective agent. The B. subtilis ysxC gene was cloned and the protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified. Using hanging-drop vapour-diffusion crystallization techniques, two different crystal forms of YsxC were obtained in the presence and absence of GDP and which have one and two copies of YsxC in the asymmetric unit, respectively. Both crystal forms diffract to beyond 2.0 Å resolution and are suitable for structure determination