Combined Middle Cranial Fossa and Trans-Mastoid Approach for the Management of Post-Mastoidectomy CSF Otorrhoea

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhoea is an uncommon condition arising from defects in the tegmen and middle cranial fossa. 33 year gentleman presented with post-mastoidectomy CSF otorrhoea of 5 year duration. Imaging finding were suggestive of fracture in the tegmen region. A combined middle cranial fossa/transmastoid was used to repair the defect. Defect was identified in the tegmen plate and it was closed with pedicled pericranial graft, laterally based pedicled temporalis muscle graft reinforced by bone dust and supported with intact mucosal flap. The leak stopped completely following surgery. The patient is doing well at follow up. Repair of these defects need careful analysis of imaging findings to understand pathological anatomy, and a well planned surgical approach to achieve meticulous repair

Evolutionary and biomedical insights from the rhesus macaque genome

The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species