The preparation and properties of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives

Recently, the functionalization of organic molecules with fluorine substituents has grown rapidly due to its applications in such fields as medicine, agriculture or materials sciences. The aim of this article is to review the importance of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives in synthesis. It will examine the role of the fluorine substituents in both ring-forming and ring-opening reactions, as well as methods for obtaining difluorocyclopropanes as single enantiomers. Several examples are provided to highlight the biological importance of this class of compounds

Analytical procedures

The aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the current methodsavailable for the analysis of plant material containing sesquiterpene lactones,delineate the most widely used extraction methods and provide a brief review of the literature on the subject. A general classification of sesquiterpene lactones, based on their carbocyclic skeletons, is given. The physicochemical properties and methods most commonly used for its extraction from the plant material, including more recent techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, are analysed. Furthermore, visualization reagents for thin layer chromatography and isolation techniques, using different chromatographic methods, are also described.Fil: Sülsen, Valeria Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Catalan, Cesar Atilio Nazareno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Martino, Virginia Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; Argentin

Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activities

Cancer is a genetic disease, affecting many people worldwide.Chemotherapy is routinely used for cancer treatment. However, this therapeuticapproach is not always effective due to the development of cell resistance and toxiceffects. Plants are a reservoir of natural chemicals with chemoprotective potentialagainst cancer and with low adverse effects. While some drugs from natural originare currently used for cancer treatment, others are being studied. Among the compoundsisolated from plants, sesquiterpene lactones are very promising anticanceragents, which are widely being studied in different models of cancer in vitro andin vivo, and some clinical trials are being performed. Sesquiterpene lactones arevery attractive compounds to be used as antitumoral therapy due to the diversemechanisms of action through which they exert their effects. Among suchmechanismsare their capacity to interfere with the generation of reactive oxygenspecies, the epigenetic modulation of gene expression, the targeting of the sarco-/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump, and the activation of the NF-kB andthe p53 signaling pathways. The latter mechanisms could be important to reduce thedevelopment of drug resistance by tumor cells. Sesquiterpene lactones can alsoinhibit angiogenesis and metastasis.Fil: Anesini, Claudia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Maria del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Martino, Renzo Fabricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; Argentin