Growth regulatory pattern of zooplankton in herbicide and antibiotic contaminated aquatic ecosystem: An overview

Emerging chemical substances have dramatically increased in aquatic ecosystems throughout the last few decades and are creating harmful effects on sustainable environments. Herbicides and antibiotics are usually consumed simultaneously and liquidated into the aquatic system as effluents. Due to the dearth of rigorous control of emerging substances, it poses a threat to ecotoxicologists and limnologists because of their hidden roles against non-target aquatic organisms like zooplankton. These substances have a negative impact on grazer inducers and disrupt community-level zooplankton-phytoplankton relationships. But the hidden role of these phenomena due to these substances is still clearly unknown. So, the present mesocosm study summarises and updates the current status of antibiotics and herbicides on the survival of zooplankton species. We also discuss the role of various herbicides and antibiotics on these non-targeted organisms and create baseline information to overcome the above-mentioned risks and expand the scope of future research in this field

First Report of Glauconome chinensis (Gray, 1828) from West Bengal-Odisha Coast, India

The intertidal marine bivalve Glauconome chinensis (Chinese glauconome), Gray 1828 is a burrowing benthic fauna inhabiting in soft muddy to sandy sediments of Western pacific mangrove areas. The specimen is characterised by long siphon (inhalant and exhalent) for feeding and a prominent foot for locomotion. They are mostly gonochoric, few are sometimes protandric hermaphrodites. According to Gray’s description their embryonic development starts through free swimming trochophore larvae and succeeded by the veliger. Glauconome chinensis has been rediscovered for the first time from the intertidal coastal mangrove areas of Talsari, confluence of Subarnarekha estuary of West Bengal-Odisha coast, India. Quadrates having areas of 1m² were placed randomly on study sites and the studied specimens were unearthed, counted their size, biomas, population density and distribution pattern. Physico-chemical parameters were also evaluated. For anatomical study tissues were fixed in 4% formalin solution and processed through alcoholic grades. Body length, siphon, gill, mantle, foot, adductor muscles, digestive gland and gonads were examined. The studied specimens were stayed in 10-40cm depth from sediment surface and showed clumped distribution pattern. The mean length, width and biomass of the specimen were 39.2(mm) ±0.393, 14.5(mm) ±0.351and 3.89(gm) ±0.382 respectively.  The report on the occurrence of such intertidal bivalve adds relevant data for the good assessment of food chain and food web of marine coastal mangrove ecosystem. The present study also aims to gather knowledge of valuable ecological services of Glauconome chinensis and to maintain the biological integrity of West Bengal-Odisha coastal region with Bay of Bengal

Morpho-anatomical Studies of Intertidal Bivalve Glauconome chinensis (Gray, 1828) from West Bengal-Odisha Coast, India

West Bengal-Odisha coastal mangrove ecosystem represent a productive and dynamic ecosystem enriched with diversified habitat and niches. The intertidal bivalve Glauconome chinensis has been reported presently in the intertidal zone of Subarnarekha estuary of West Bengal-Odisha coast of Bay of Bengal. The studied bivalve characterised by unique morphological and microanatomical features. The present paper deals with morphological (shape and sizes of the shell, siphon, mantle, foot, adductor muscle, gill, digestive gland, reproductive system) and also microanatomical characteristics of different body tissues of the intertidal bivalve Glauconome chinensis