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Not AvailableFoot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici and slow decline disease caused by plant parasitic nematodes are serious diseases of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). In this study open-pollinated seedling progenies of black pepper were screened during 2004-06 to identify sources of resistance against P. capsici and nematodes. A. total of 11 632 seedlings raised, from 30 cultivars, 42 hybrids and 1-open pollinated selection were subjected for preliminary screening. Forty progenies (21 Karimunda progenies, 10 progenies from other cultivars, 8 progenies from hybrids and 1 progeny from the selection 'IISR Shakti') that took no infection in the preliminary screening against P. capsici were multiplied vegetatively and subjected to second round of screening adopting root inoculations. They were assessed, for disease severity after 100 days of inoculation adopting a new protocol for the second and the final round of screening. The progenies were rated initially based on the time taken for mortality and then assayed for aerial infection and final score was based on average disease severity index which was not followed in the earlier screenings. Of the 11 632 progenies screened, 1 progeny, viz '04-P24-1' showed resistant reaction and 1 hybrid progeny, viz 04-HP-400-1 showed moderate resistant reaction towards P. capsici. Besides the progeny 04-HP 1533 (2) showed resistant reaction towards the root-knot nematode M. incognita. However, all short listed progenies were found susceptible to R. similis. The initially shortlisted phytophthora '04-P24-1' consistently showed resistant reaction even after repeated inoculations and is under field evaluation since 2006 onwards. This is the first report of identifying a Phytophthora resistant source in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and this modified protocol can be used for screening open-pollinated progenies of black pepper.Not Availabl

Spicing up the nations growth

Not AvailableAbout ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices ResearchNot Availabl

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Not AvailableBioinformatic mining of 56, 457 publicly available Expressed Sequence Tags of Phytophthora capsici in dbEST Genbank was performed to identify SSRs. A total of 223 SSRs was identified from 9831 UniGene sequences. The most and least frequent repeats were triniculeotides (69.505) and dinucleotides (1.3%) respectively. Thirty six SSR primers designed from ESTs were used to analyse the diversity of 114 Phytophthora isolates from black pepper and twenty nine could be successfully amplified and of these 3 were polymorphic among the Phytophthora isolates. A total of 48 alleles were detected of which only 33.3% were polymorphic. The similarity coefficient values of the dendrogram ranged from 0.79 to 1.00. The isolates were clustered into two major groups. Clustering did not follow the pattern of geographical origin of the isolates or plant part from where the isolates were obtained.Not Availabl

Comparison of the Transcriptomes of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and Mango Ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) in Response to the Bacterial Wilt Infection.

Not AvailableBacterial wilt in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important production constraints in tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperature regions of the world. Lack of resistant genotype adds constraints to the crop management. However, mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.), which is resistant to R. solanacearum, is a potential donor, if the exact mechanism of resistance is understood. To identify genes involved in resistance to R. solanacearum, we have sequenced the transcriptome from wilt-sensitive ginger and wilt-resistant mango ginger using Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 26387032 and 22268804 paired-end reads were obtained after quality filtering for C. amada and Z. officinale, respectively. A total of 36359 and 32312 assembled transcript sequences were obtained from both the species. The functions of the unigenes cover a diverse set of molecular functions and biological processes, among which we identified a large number of genes associated with resistance to stresses and response to biotic stimuli. Large scale expression profiling showed that many of the disease resistance related genes were expressed more in C. amada. Comparative analysis also identified genes belonging to different pathways of plant defense against biotic stresses that are differentially expressed in either ginger or mango ginger. The identification of many defense related genes differentially expressed provides many insights to the resistance mechanism to R. solanacearum and for studying potential pathways involved in responses to pathogen. Also, several candidate genes that may underline the difference in resistance to R. solanacearum between ginger and mango ginger were identified. Finally, we have developed a web resource, ginger transcriptome database, which provides public access to the data. Our study is among the first to demonstrate the use of Illumina short read sequencing for de novo transcriptome assembly and comparison in non-model species of Zingiberaceae.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBacterial wilt in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important production constraints in tropical, sub-tropical and warm temperature regions of the world. Lack of resistant genotype adds constraints to the crop management. However, mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.), which is resistant to R. solanacearum, is a potential donor, if the exact mechanism of resistance is understood. To identify genes involved in resistance to R. solanacearum, we have sequenced the transcriptome from wilt-sensitive ginger and wilt-resistant mango ginger using Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 26387032 and 22268804 paired-end reads were obtained after quality filtering for C. amada and Z. officinale, respectively. A total of 36359 and 32312 assembled transcript sequences were obtained from both the species. The functions of the unigenes cover a diverse set of molecular functions and biological processes, among which we identified a large number of genes associated with resistance to stresses and response to biotic stimuli. Large scale expression profiling showed that many of the disease resistance related genes were expressed more in C. amada. Comparative analysis also identified genes belonging to different pathways of plant defense against biotic stresses that are differentially expressed in either ginger or mango ginger. The identification of many defense related genes differentially expressed provides many insights to the resistance mechanism to R. solanacearum and for studying potential pathways involved in responses to pathogen. Also, several candidate genes that may underline the difference in resistance to R. solanacearum between ginger and mango ginger were identified. Finally, we have developed a web resource, ginger transcriptome database, which provides public access to the data. Our study is among the first to demonstrate the use of Illumina short read sequencing for de novo transcriptome assembly and comparison in non-model species of Zingiberaceae.Not Availabl