Towards a Generic Trace for Rule Based Constraint Reasoning

CHR is a very versatile programming language that allows programmers to declaratively specify constraint solvers. An important part of the development of such solvers is in their testing and debugging phases. Current CHR implementations support those phases by offering tracing facilities with limited information. In this report, we propose a new trace for CHR which contains enough information to analyze any aspects of \CHRv\ execution at some useful abstract level, common to several implementations. %a large family of rule based solvers. This approach is based on the idea of generic trace. Such a trace is formally defined as an extension of the $\omega_r^\lor$ semantics of CHR. We show that it can be derived form the SWI Prolog CHR trace

Towards a Generic Trace for Rule Based Constraint Reasoning

CHR is a very versatile programming language that allows programmers to declaratively specify constraint solvers. An important part of the development of such solvers is in their testing and debugging phases. Current CHR implementations support those phases by offering tracing facilities with limited information. In this report, we propose a new trace for CHR which contains enough information to analyze any aspects of \CHRv\ execution at some useful abstract level, common to several implementations. %a large family of rule based solvers. This approach is based on the idea of generic trace. Such a trace is formally defined as an extension of the $\omega_r^\lor$ semantics of CHR. We show that it can be derived form the SWI Prolog CHR trace.CHR (Constraint Handling Rules) est un langage de programmation adaptable qui permet de spécifier trés déclarativement des solveurs de contraintes. Un aspect important de leur mise au point concerne leur débogage. Les implantations actuelles de CHR offrent des possiblilités de traces avec relativement peu d'information. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons une nouvelle trace CHR qui contient suffisamment d'information pour analyser potentiellement tous les détails d'exécution de \CHRv, correspondant á un niveau d'analyse abstrait et utile, commun á différentes implémentations. Cette approche est fondée sur l'idée de trace générique. Une telle trace est définie comme une extension de la sémantique $\omega_r^\lor$ de CHR. On montre qu'elle peut être dérivée de la trace CHR de SWI Prolo

Bacterial cellulose-based biomaterials on third-degree burns in rats

Burns are cutaneous lesions that present  high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In order to innovate the treatment strategies currently applied new biomaterials are being investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the action of bacterial cellulose in both membrane and gel form, in the treatment of third degree burns in rats. For this, 24 Wistar rats were used, divided into three distinct groups. The lesion was performed with the aid of a soldering iron heated at 150 °C pressed on the back of the animal for 10 seconds. Treatment was performed immediately after wound induction, and skin samples were collected on the tenth day post-injury. Statistical analysis was performed using a significance level of 5% (p?0.05). The histological results show differences in the healing process presented by each group. The group that received bacterial cellulose in the membrane format presented the best results, such as discrete inflammatory infiltrate and better morphological quality of the tissue, characterizing an advanced stage of the healing process, also proven in the collagen quantitative analysis. On the other hand, the group that received the cellulose gel showed characteristics of an inflammatory phase with the presence of evident ulcerations, which corresponds to a delay in the healing process even when compared to CG alone. Thus, it was concluded that before the biomaterials tested cellulose membrane in the format presented more favorable results both in terms of environmental protection as a contribution to an adequate tissue recovery.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of <em>Mesosphaerum suaveolens</em> (Lamiaceae)

Mesosphaerum suaveolens (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used in Brazil for the treatment of diseases related to the digestive tract and respiratory diseases, so we hypothesized that the essential oil of this species may have antibacterial activity. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and modulatory activity of the essential oil of M. suaveolens as well as to characterize its chemical composition. The identification of the constituents was performed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and the antibacterial and modulating activity by the plate microdilution method. We found the oil had sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene as the major component. This compound may account for the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains, since the essential oil had a MIC of 64 μg/mL for the standard strain and 256 μg/mL for the multiresistant strain, demonstrated that the oil does not exhibit drug modulating activity. Thus, M. suaveolens oil has bioactive compounds which can be used in the preparation of drugs

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Detection and handling of deviations in process-centered software engineering environments

Software Processes aim at improving the quality and productivity of software development by encoding sets of well-know practices for realizing them. When encoded in the form of Software Process Models (SPM) they can be analyzed, improved and automated. This third activity is the focus of this work. More specifically, we deal with a particular piece of software that is in charge of the automatization of the execution of SPMs: the Process-centered Software Engineering Environment (PSEE). They consist of process-aware software development environments that allow process agents to enact a SPM while having the conformance of their actions to the SPM verified by the PSEE. In this work, we are interested in the actions performed by the agents that do not conform to the SPM, we call these actions deviations. As a starting point of this work, we evaluated the existing PSEEs and realized that they do not provide the necessary support for detecting and handling deviations. This work intends to provide PSEEs the necessary support for detecting deviations and guiding process agents in handling them. In terms of detection, our approach reduces the level of prescriptiveness of PSEEs, by allowing them to detect deviations as early as possible (Early Deviation Detection) and to classify deviations according to their impact to the process objectives (Risk Assessment) In terms of guidance, we want our approach to allow the PSEE to delay the effective handling of deviations for as long as possible (Late Deviation Handling) and to provide correction plans that help process agents to reduce the overall risk represented by the detected deviations (Correction Guidance).Les procédés de développement ont pour objectif d améliorer la qualité et la productivité du développement logiciel. Lorsque les pratiques dans le développement sont représentées sous forme de Modèles de Procédé Logiciel (SPM Software Process Model), elles deviennent analysables, améliorables et automatisables. Cette thèse se focalise sur la troisième activité: l'automatisation. Pour réaliser cette automatisation, des environnements de développement logiciel centrés procédés (PSEE - Process Software Execution Environment) ont vu le jour. Ils ont la caractéristique de permettre à un agent de procédé, tel un développeur ou un analyste, de suivre les pratiques représentées dans le SPM, tout en vérifiant la conformité de ses actions avec les pratiques représentées par le SPM. On appelle déviation une action exécutée par un agent qui n'est pas conforme avec le SPM qu'il est en train de suivre. Dans cette thèse, on propose une approche de construction des PSEE qui est capable de détecter les déviations et d aider les agents de procédé dans leurs résolutions. En ce qui concerne la détection des déviations, notre approche est capable de détecter les déviations du modèle de procédé dès qu'elles ont étés commises (Détection des Déviations Au plus tôt}) et de produire un rapport comparatif du risque représenté par chaque déviation (Evaluation des Risques). En ce qui concerne la résolution des déviations, notre approche retarde le traitement des déviations (Traitement Retardé des Déviations) selon le besoin et propose des plans de correction pour aider les agents à les traiter (Aide à la Correction).PARIS-BIUSJ-Mathématiques rech (751052111) / SudocSudocFranceF

Deviation Management during Process Execution

International audienceSoftware development companies have been putting a lot of effort in adopting process models, however two main issues remain. On the one hand, process models are inherently incomplete, since companies can not capture all possible situations in a single model. On the other hand, managers can not force process participants (agents) to strictly follow these models. The effect of both issues is that companies need to be able to handle deviations during process enactment. In order to make sure that process agents follow the process model and that their deviations get detected and handled, they adopt the so-called Process-centered Software Engineering Environments (PSEEs). Unfortunately, the options proposed by these tools, when it comes to handling a deviation, are rather limited to basically ignoring or forbidding it. In the present work, we face this limitation by presenting an approach for detecting, managing and tolerating agent deviations. Besides, in this paper we present the formal specification for this approach in the Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). It has been used as a the basis of our PSEE prototype

Towards a Generic Trace for Rule Based Constraint Reasoning

International audienceCHR is a very versatile programming language that allows programmers to declaratively specify constraint solvers. An important part of the development of such solvers is in their testing and debugging phases. Current CHR implementations support those phases by offering tracing facilities with limited information. In this paper, we propose a new trace for CHR which contains enough information to analyze any aspects of $CHR^\lor$ execution at some general abstract level. This approach is based on the idea of generic trace. Such a trace is formally defined as an extension of the $\omega_r^\lor$ semantics. It is currently prototyped in a SWI Prolog based CHR implementation