ASPECTOS SUBJETIVOS DO CONSUMO E IMPLICAÇÕES NO IMPACTO AMBIENTAL

Qualquer objeto possui funções e apelos que ultrapassam e se somam à sua função nominal, significados subjetivos, que enriquecem sua relação com o usuário. Entretanto, os significados subjetivos também são manipulados pelo setor produtivo com o objetivo de estimular o descarte prematuro e nova venda, a obsolescência programada. As estratégias de ecodesign em geral são viáveis tecnicamente, mas enfrentam o desafio da falta de interesse por parte do setor produtivo e a resistência cultural à sua implantação. A dificuldade de introdução dessas propostas ocorre pela cultura do desperdício e manipulação dos aspectos subjetivos, que desenvolveram uma sociedade com forte desejo de posse, fascínio pelo novo e a valorização da virgindade dos produtos

O USO DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE ECODESIGN POR PROJETISTAS BRASILEIROS

Este artigo tece considerações sobre a percepção que designers brasileiros têm do Ecodesign, da busca de informações ambientais e as dificuldades que encontram para aplicar as estratégias de Ecodesign em seus projetos. As informações foram levantadas a partir de uma pesquisa realizada junto a alguns projetistas de diversos estados do país

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): Overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols

The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site. © Author(s) 2015

Utilização de informações de custos no processo gerencial: estudo comparativo entre a hotelaria do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e a região nordeste, sob a ótica da gestão econômico-financeira

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada nos hotéis de médio e grande porte do Rio Grande do Norte, sobre a utilização de informações de custos no processo gerencial. Para isso, comenta a importância das informações sobre custos, demonstra os resultados obtidos em relação à utilização de métodos de custeios, centro de custos e conhecimento da margem de contribuição, comparando-os ao resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no nordeste. Após analisar o resultado da pesquisa, percebe-se que os hotéis existentes no Rio Grande do Norte, principalmente os independentes, assim como os do nordeste, embora reconheçam a importância das informações sobre os custos, precisam inserir no seu gerenciamento ferramentas capazes de fornecer essas informações, o que pode tornar os hotéis mais competitivos.<br>This study aims to present the results of a research carried out in medium and large-sized hotels in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, about the use of cost information in the management process. The importance of cost information is discussed, the obtained results are disclosed in relation to the use of costing methods, cost centers and knowledge about the contribution margin, comparing them to the result of a research carried out in the Northeast. After analyzing the research results, it is observed that, although hotels from Rio Grande do Norte, mainly independent ones, as well as those from the Northeast recognize the importance of cost information, they need to insert tools that are capable of supplying this information into their management, which may lead to increased competitiveness