Collection and Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste in Prishtina Municipality

After many years of efforts Prishtina municipality for improving the waste collection, there are still many problems associated with it. Uncontrolled dumping has resulted in spread of diseases, flooding, and unpleasant smells. The lack of financial resources for improving the waste collection services is part of the problem. Considering this situation, the goal of this project was to identify and analyze the waste collection and transportation process. The city planning and service fees were identified as important aspects for ensuring a well maintained and clean environment. The research showed that with only 63% of overall collection of the fees, the quality of the services was not able to be improved. With relatively reasonable priced services, ranging from 4-6 euros per month and the willingness of citizens to pay for better services, the joint-payment possibility (i.e. waste plus electricity bills and/or waste plus water bills) has been introduced. With the establishment of this new payment system “Pastrimi” can add to its revenues annually 2,365,064.78€ from the increased collection of fees. Whereas cost for establishing the system (administrative costs and cost of cooperation between respective companies) is estimated to be around 562,964 € annually. The improved collection scheme is expected to attract more waste collection companies to join this market, which gives to citizens more alternatives to select companies with best services, instead of having one dominant company responsible for the maintenance of the entire city. Also, the project supports the establishment of the appropriate urban planning strategy to improve the efficiency on collection and especially transportation of household discards. Better collaboration between municipality and waste collection companies for setting up an appropriate collection points is expected to improve the control over illegal dumping

Efficient modelling of 3-d finite element mesh formation with use of 3-d topographic survey

In this decade, 3-dimensional topographic survey has been developed by using the UAV as like drones. With the technique, the complete topographies of the geo-structures can be measured. Although the accurate shapes of the geo-structures can be obtained, the numerical methods as like the finite element method is are not related to the 3-dimensional survey directly. In this research, the finite mesh modelling technique with use of the 3-D topographic survey is developed. The models of the earth-fill embankments formed from measured 3-D data are introduced as the examples

Contribution à la durabilité de la gestion de la biomasse solide en République Démocratique du Congo

Cette étude porte sur la contribution des acteurs de la biomasse solide (BS) à la durabilité de la gestion de celle-ci en République démocratique du Congo (RDC). La problématique s'articule sur la question centrale suivante : la gestion de la biomasse solide peut-elle favoriser la durabilité de cette ressource énergétique en RDC? À cet égard, trois axes majeurs ont été étudiés pour cerner les facteurs susceptibles de compromettre ou de promouvoir la gestion durable de la BS en RDC : • Les facteurs qui agissent sur la filière de la BS concernant les aspects techniques, allant de la production à la carbonisation, au défournement, à la récolte, au transport et enfin à la commercialisation de ladite ressource en RDC; • Les facteurs liés aux aspects règlementaires concernant le cadre juridique appliqué à la BS en RDC; • Les facteurs en lien avec les aspects organisationnels, institutionnels et ceux de la gouvernance forestière en RDC. Les trois objectifs suivants permettent d'analyser la question de la durabilité de gestion de la biomasse solide :1. Réaliser le diagnostic du contexte et de la pratique de l'utilisation de la BS en RDC en vue de ressortir les facteurs qui contribuent aux forces et faiblesses de cette pratique. De ce fait, l'approche d'analyse stratégique « forces, faiblesses, opportunités, menaces » (FFOM ou SWOT en anglais) a aidé à déceler les maillons qui permettent de définir les conditions et les occasions favorisant les trois piliers du développement durable que sont l'environnement, le social et l'économie; 2. Évaluer le degré de durabilité d'utilisation de la BS actuelle. Cela a conduit à faire une analyse des cadres législatifs, règlementaires et normatifs, ainsi que des aspects organisationnels, institutionnels et modernes de la gestion de la BS en RDC. Par conséquent, une esquisse de la gouvernance de la BS en RDC a été proposée pour stimuler l'analyse des instruments qui traitent des questions de cadres juridiques et coutumiers susceptibles d'influencer ces normes; 3. Proposer des éléments d'amélioration du contexte, de la pratique et du respect de la réglementation de l'utilisation de la BS qui favorisent un modèle de la gestion participative de l'utilisation durable de cette énergie. Pour ce faire, l'étude présente les facteurs de la durabilité de la gestion de la bioénergie et leurs interrelations dans le but de mettre sur pied un modèle de gestion participative de la bioénergie permettant de répondre au développement durable de la BS en RDC. Au regard des axes clés énumérés, la nécessité de faire ressortir un modèle de réponses fiables et palpables avec à la clé la gestion et l'utilisation de la BS respectant les principes du développement durable s'avère indispensable en RDC. De ce fait, le modèle de table de concertation des acteurs de la BS en RDC est élaboré.This thesis focuses on the contribution to the sustainability of the management of solid biomass (SB) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study revolves around the following central question: Can the management of solid biomass promote the sustainability of this energy resource in the DRC? Three major axes were studied to identify the factors likely to compromise or promote the sustainable management of SB in the DRC: • The factors acting on the SB sector focus on the related technical aspects, ranging from production, carbonization, excavation, harvesting, transport and to the marketing of this resource in the DRC; • Factors related to regulatory aspects concerning the legal framework applied to SB in the DRC; • The factors structuring the organizational and institutional aspects and those of forest governance in the DRC. The three following objectives were analyzed to answer the issue of the sustainability of solid biomass management: 1. Carry out the diagnosis of the context and practice of the use of SB in the DRC to highlight the factors that contribute to the strengths and weaknesses of this practice. The SWOT strategic analysis approach was used to identify the links that define the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the three pillars of sustainable development that are environmental, social and economic. 2. Assess the level of sustainability of the actual use of SB with a focus on improving the factors of non-sustainability. This led to an analysis of the legislative, regulatory and normative frameworks, as well as the organizational, institutional and modern aspects of BS management in the DRC. An outline of SB governance in the DRC has been proposed to stimulate analysis of instruments addressing issues of legal frameworks and customary that influence these norms. 3. Propose elements for improving the context, practice, and compliance with the regulations for the use of SB that promote a participatory management model for the sustainable use of this energy source. To do this, the factors of the sustainability of bioenergy management and their interrelationships were presented with the aim of setting up a participatory bioenergy management model to respond to the development of SB in DRC. Regarding the key axes listed above, the need to develop and implement a model of reliable and tangible responses, with the management and use of SB thus respecting the principles of sustainable development, is essential in the DRC. As a result, the consultation table model for SB actors in the DRC is elaborated

Glaube und "Moral" : Die Tragweite der Beschreibung von der Wette in Kants Wiener Logik

研究論文(Article

Synthesis of a Novel Triptycene-derived Protected Dithiolene Ligand Precursor for Tri-nuclear Mixed Ligand Metal Dithiolene Complexes

We synthesized a novel triptycene analogue, 3,3',3'',3''',3'''',3'''''-((triptycene-2,3,6,7,14,15-hexayl)hexakis(sulfanediyl))hexapropanenitrile (3), which served as a valuable precursor for the triptycene-derived tris-bidentate bridging dithiolene ligand, triptycene-2,3,6,7,14,15-hexakis(thiolate) (4), following the removal of the cyanoethyl moiety protection group. We determined the molecular and crystal structures of compound 3 and confirmed its capacity to yield compound 4. By reacting 3 with [NiCl2(BPY)] and [PtCl2(BPY)] (BPY: 2,2'-bipyridine) in methanol, we obtained crude samples of [Ni3(4)(BPY)3] and [Pt3(4)(BPY)3], respectively