299 research outputs found
Comparative study on the thermal performance and economic efficiency of vertical and horizontal ground heat exchangers
The ground-coupled heat pump is a shallow geothermal exploitation method taking soil as the thermal energy source. The ground heat exchanger is an important component of this system, which includes vertical or horizontal configurations. However, to the best of our knowledge, few studies exist involving the comparison of thermal performances and installation costs of two heat exchanger types considering the influence of ground climate, which makes the selection of heat exchanger configuration challenging for a specific field application. Hence, a 3-dimensional numerical model considering the variations of atmospheric conditions and soil water content is constructed in this paper. Based on this model, the thermal performances and economical efficiencies of vertical and horizontal ground heat exchangers are compared. The results indicate that the thermal performance difference between the two heat exchangers is greater in winter than in summer. The thermal performance is hardly influenced by the injection mass flow rate, while it is considerably affected by the length of heat exchanger. The thermal power rises linearly with the increase in heat exchanger length, and the increment of the vertical ground heat exchanger is higher. In addition, when the heat exchanger length is shorter than 40 m, the installation cost and thereby the total cost of the horizontal ground heat exchanger is considerably higher. With regard to both the thermal performance and economic efficiency, a vertical ground heat exchanger is only recommended when installing a single shallow ground heat exchanger.Cited as: Cui, Q., Shi, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, R., Jiao, Y. Comparative study on the thermal performance and economic efficiency of vertical and horizontal ground heat exchangers. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2023, 7(1): 7-19. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2023.01.0
EViT: An Eagle Vision Transformer with Bi-Fovea Self-Attention
Thanks to the advancement of deep learning technology, vision transformer has
demonstrated competitive performance in various computer vision tasks.
Unfortunately, vision transformer still faces some challenges such as high
computational complexity and absence of desirable inductive bias. To alleviate
these problems, a novel Bi-Fovea Self-Attention (BFSA) is proposed, inspired by
the physiological structure and characteristics of bi-fovea vision in eagle
eyes. This BFSA can simulate the shallow fovea and deep fovea functions of
eagle vision, enable the network to extract feature representations of targets
from coarse to fine, facilitate the interaction of multi-scale feature
representations. Additionally, a Bionic Eagle Vision (BEV) block based on BFSA
is designed in this study. It combines the advantages of CNNs and Vision
Transformers to enhance the ability of global and local feature representations
of networks. Furthermore, a unified and efficient general pyramid backbone
network family is developed by stacking the BEV blocks in this study, called
Eagle Vision Transformers (EViTs). Experimental results on various computer
vision tasks including image classification, object detection, instance
segmentation and other transfer learning tasks show that the proposed EViTs
perform effectively by comparing with the baselines under same model size and
exhibit higher speed on graphics processing unit than other models. Code is
available at https://github.com/nkusyl/EViT.Comment: This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication.
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Thermoelectric transport properties of diamond-like Cu_(1−x)Fe_(1+x)S_2 tetrahedral compounds
Polycrystalline samples with the composition of Cu _(1−x)Fe_(1+x)S_2 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1) were synthesized by a melting-annealing-sintering process. X-ray powder diffraction reveals all the samples are phase pure. The backscattered electron image and X-ray map indicate that all elements are distributed homogeneously in the matrix. The measurements of Hall coefficient, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient show that Fe is an effective n-type dopant in CuFeS_2. The electron carrier concentration of Cu_(1−x)Fe_(1+x)S_2 is tuned within a wide range leading to optimized power factors. The lattice phonons are also strongly scattered by the substitution of Fe for Cu, leading to reduced thermal conductivity. We use Debye approximation to model the low temperature lattice thermal conductivity. It is found that the large strain field fluctuation introduced by the disordered Fe ions generates extra strong phonon scatterings for lowered lattice thermal conductivity
THEORY RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF CT TECHNOLOGY TO SHIELDED NUCLEAR MATERIAL DISCRIMINATION
Abstract Smuggling of nuclear material is a serious threat to security of international society. Formal research on nuclear material discrimination can fulfil customs inspection requirement. This paper designs a situation that nuclear material which is packaged and shielded by heavy metal need to be discriminated accurately on the condition that the object being detected cannot be dismantled. Calculation results prove nuclear material could be discriminated accurately while the ideal condition is fulfilled. If multi-energy X-ray source is used the discrimination accuracy is declined. However the accuracy could be improved while energy spectrum shaping technique is used
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