Surface Modification of Silicone Rubber by Ion Implantation to Improve Biocompatibility

Silicone Rubber (SR) and SR-based materials have been used as medical tissue implants in the field of plastic surgery for many years, but there are still some reports of adverse reactions to long-term implants. In our study, three types of carbon ion silicone rubber were obtained by implanting three doses of carbon ions. Then, the surface characteristics, the antibacterial adhesion properties and in vivo host responses were evaluated. These study shown that ion implantation change the surface roughness and zeta potential of virgin SR; it also inhibit bacterial adhesion. At the same time, ion implantation enhance the cell proliferation, adhesion and tissue compatibility. These data indicate that carbon ion implanted silicone rubber exhibits good antibacterial adhesion properties, cytocompatibility and triggers thinner and weaker tissue capsules. In addition, according to the surface characteristics, we speculate that high surface roughness and high zeta potential may be the main factors that induce the unique biocompatibility of carbon ion implanted silicone rubber. In this chapter, we will review these results above and propose that ion implantation should be considered for further investigation and application, and carbon ion silicone rubber could be a better biomaterial to decrease silicone rubber–initiated complications

Preparation, Characterization, and Preliminary Biocompatibility Evaluation of Carbon Ion-Implanted Silicone Rubber

Silicone rubber (SR) is a common soft tissue filler material used in plastic surgery. However, it suffers from poor biocompatibility. Previous studies have found that the ion implantation technology can be used to improve the biocompatibility of metal materials. However, it is not clear whether it can improve the biocompatibility of polymer materials. In this study, carbon ion SR was prepared by carbon ion implantation. After that, the characteristics of ion implanted SR were investigated. Then, Escherichia coli was utilized to test the antibacterial ability of the carbon ion implanted SR. Besides, the dermal fibroblasts were used to evaluate the cytocompatibility. From the results, carbon ion implantation had no significant effect on the hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break of SR. At the same time, there was no significant change in the surface morphology of SR. But the results show that the surface nano-morphology, surface element composition, hydrophobic and ζ potential of the surface of SR changed significantly. The changes further mediated the lower adhesion of bacteria and enhanced biocompatibility. In conclusion, the carbon ion implantation technology can improve the surface properties of silicone rubber, and further improve its biocompatibility

Diversity of bacteria on fresh eggshell surface

Objective To understand the composition of microbiota on the surface of fresh eggshell and its change over time. Methods The samples were collected from three cities and tested at different time points. The diversity and similarity of bacteria were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and sequencing method. Results The Shannon index and Dice index of bacteria on eggshell surface of Hanzhong were statistically significant different from Yulin and Xi'an. The bacteria were mainly Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and the dominant genera were Staphylococus, Streptomyces and Lactobacillus. Conclusion There were different bacteria on the surface of eggshell in different areas, but the microbiota in the early and late stage of storage time was very similar

The GECAM Real-Time Burst Alert System

Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM), consisting of two micro-satellites, is designed to detect gamma-ray bursts associated with gravitational-wave events. Here, we introduce the real-time burst alert system of GECAM, with the adoption of the BeiDou-3 short message communication service. We present the post-trigger operations, the detailed ground-based analysis, and the performance of the system. In the first year of the in-flight operation, GECAM was triggered by 42 GRBs. GECAM real-time burst alert system has the ability to distribute the alert within $\sim$1 minute after being triggered, which enables timely follow-up observations.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures; Accepted for publication in RA

Experience in clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients aged＞65 years with acute calculous cholecystitis

ObjectiveTo investigate the features and methods of clinical diagnosis and treatment of elderly patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of elderly patients who were diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis in 451 Hospital of PLA from June 2012 to June 2015. After admission, all patients received fasting treatment, electrocardiographic monitoring, anti-infective therapy, and maintenance of body fluid balance and stable blood pressure and glucose. According to patients condition choose laparoscopic cholecystectomy open cholecystectomy, open cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. ResultsA total of 129 patients were enrolled; among these patients, 119 had acute calculous cholecystitis, 2 had gallstones with adenomatous hyperplasia of the gallbladder mucosa, 6 had pyogenic cholecystitis, and 2 had gallbladder gangrene. Among the patients enrolled, 52 were complicated by at least one internal disease. Among them, 67 underwent emergency surgery since there were no significant improvements in symptoms, and 62 showed relief of symptoms and underwent surgical treatment at other times. Of all patients, 108 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 9 underwent laparoscopy and were converted to open cholecystectomy, and 9 underwent open cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. All the surgeries were successful and all the patients were cured and discharged. There were no deaths. ConclusionElderly patients with acute calculous cholecystitis are in a critical condition and often complicated by various internal diseases. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most commonly used therapeutic method. Clinicians should be fully prepared before surgery, take the perioperative management seriously, and accurately judge the surgical indications and timing

a token based method for congestion and packet loss control

Presently the Internet accommodates simultaneous audio, video, and data traffic. This requires the Internet to guarantee the packet loss thus to control network congestion. A series of protocols have been introduced to supplement the insufficient TCP mechanism for controlling the congestion. As such the Core-Stateless Fair Queuing (CSFQ), Token-Based Congestion Control (TBCC) were designed as open or closed-loop controller respectively to provide the fair best effort service for supervising the per-flow bandwidth consumption. In this paper, Stable Token-Limited Congestion Control (STLCC) is introduced as a new protocol which appends inter-domain congestion control to TBCC and makes the congestion control system stable. STLCC produces a congestion index, pushes the packet loss to the network edge and improves the network performance. Finally, the simple version of STLCC is introduced. It is deployable in the Internet without any IP protocols modifications and preserves also the packet datagram. © 2003-2012 IEEE.Presently the Internet accommodates simultaneous audio, video, and data traffic. This requires the Internet to guarantee the packet loss thus to control network congestion. A series of protocols have been introduced to supplement the insufficient TCP mechanism for controlling the congestion. As such the Core-Stateless Fair Queuing (CSFQ), Token-Based Congestion Control (TBCC) were designed as open or closed-loop controller respectively to provide the fair best effort service for supervising the per-flow bandwidth consumption. In this paper, Stable Token-Limited Congestion Control (STLCC) is introduced as a new protocol which appends inter-domain congestion control to TBCC and makes the congestion control system stable. STLCC produces a congestion index, pushes the packet loss to the network edge and improves the network performance. Finally, the simple version of STLCC is introduced. It is deployable in the Internet without any IP protocols modifications and preserves also the packet datagram. © 2003-2012 IEEE

Identifying prognostic lncRNAs based on a ceRNA regulatory network in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Purpose Growing evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in tumor occurrence. The lncRNAs’ functions and clinical significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remain unclear. The study aims to reveal the lncRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory network of LSCC and clarify its clinical relevance. Methods Here, we obtained LSCC transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and identified the differential expression profile of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs by the EdgeR R package. The function enrichment analysis of mRNAs was performed using clusterProfiler R package and GSEA3.0. Then, we constructed a ceRNA network and prognosis model based on lncRNAs through bioinformatic methods. Moreover, we explored the functions of prognosis-related lncRNA in LSCC by CCK-8 and transwell assay. Results 1961 lncRNAs, 69 miRNAs, and 2224 mRNAs were identified as differentially expressed genes in LSCC tissues. According to the transcriptome differential expression profile, a ceRNA network containing 61 lncRNAs, 21 miRNAs, and 77 mRNAs was established. Then, four lncRNAs (AC011933.2, FAM30A, LINC02086, LINC02575) were identified from the ceRNA network to build a prognosis model for LSCC patients. And we found that LINC02086 and LINC02575 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LSCC cells while AC011933.2 and FAM30A inhibited these biological functions in vitro. Furthermore, we validated that LINc02086/miR-770-5p/SLC26A2 axis promoted migration in LSCC. Conclusion Four lncRNAs of the ceRNA network were abnormally expressed and related to patient prognosis in LSCC. They played a significant role in the progress of LSCC via affecting the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells

smoothing the xcp sender

It is known fact that modern IP networks are adopting eXplicit Control Protocol (XCP) as the de-facto standard. In the implementation of XCP, the XCP sender outputs packets in bursts such that all the packets inside the congestion window are outputted without any interval between them. The burst not only increases the queuing delay, but also makes XCP with heterogeneous delays to be unstable. In the present paper, a Smooth XCP (SXCP) is proposed, where the interval of outputting packets at the XCP sender is no less than the round trip time divided by the congestion window. The simulations show that SXCP not only decreases the queuing delay, but also improves utilization and stability. © 2011 IEEE.It is known fact that modern IP networks are adopting eXplicit Control Protocol (XCP) as the de-facto standard. In the implementation of XCP, the XCP sender outputs packets in bursts such that all the packets inside the congestion window are outputted without any interval between them. The burst not only increases the queuing delay, but also makes XCP with heterogeneous delays to be unstable. In the present paper, a Smooth XCP (SXCP) is proposed, where the interval of outputting packets at the XCP sender is no less than the round trip time divided by the congestion window. The simulations show that SXCP not only decreases the queuing delay, but also improves utilization and stability. © 2011 IEEE

congestion control in networks with mixed ip and p2p traffic

IEEE Communications Society; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); Qualcomm; Microsoft Research; EiCServices such as multimedia, VoIP, video-conferencing, social networking and others impose new requirements on providers and constraints on network designers. Fair Queueing algorithms like CSFQ or Stochastic Fair BLUE have been used to improve the quality of the packet transmission. Such mechanisms usually supervise the bandwidth consumption per-flow and become helpless in the presence of P2P traffic. In quest for high quality transmission, multimedia applications are designed to use more and more P2P paradigms. As P2P traffic is also exposed to congestion, few works address congestion control in mixed traditional IP (for short called IP traffic) and P2P traffic. In this paper, we propose a model flow for the mixture of the two and present a principle and a method based on per-subscriber flow control, for congestion control. An architecture based on the Token-Based Traffic Control for P2P applications is introduced. The token resource consumed by each subscriber is counted and controls for both core and edge routers are generated in the case of IP and P2P traffic. The traffic is measured at core routers and the measurement data is conveyed to edge routers. They label the Token-Level on incoming packets according to the congestion index, and police the total input token of each P2P subscriber. Simulations results and the analysis of the impact on the performance of this approach on some P2P experiments are given. © 2011 IEEE