Comparative Analysis of Mineral Elements and Essential Amino Acids Compositions in <i>Juglans sigillata<i> and <i>J. regia<i> Walnuts Kernels

Walnut high nutritional and economic values. The kernel is usually considered to be a good source of minerals and essential amino acids. In this paper, mineral elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc) and essential amino acids (phenylalanine, valine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, and lysine) composition's of kernels from 11 kinds of walnuts (Juglans sigillata) and 17 kinds of walnuts (Juglans regia) originated from China were determined by ICP-MS and HPLC, respectively. The order of nutritive mineral elements depending on their content (mg/100g) of samples was Mg&gt; Ca&gt; Zn&gt; Mn&gt; Fe&gt; Cu in J. regia, while the order in J. sigillata was Mg&gt; Ca&gt; Mn&gt; Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Cu. For essential amino acids, the order depending on the content (mg/g) of the essential amino acids in J. regia samples was leucine&gt; isoleucine&gt; valine&gt; phenylalanine&gt; lysine&gt; threonine&gt; methionine, while the order in J. sigillata was leucine&gt; isoleucine&gt; lysine&gt; phenylalanine&gt; valine&gt; threonine&gt; methionine. The kernels of walnuts (J. regia and J. regia) are good sources of health foods and dietary supplements. 'Y029' in Juglans sigillata and 'XJ004' in Juglans regia provided the best profiles of mineral elements and essential amino acids in comparison to others

Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Pyroligneous Acids from Walnut Shell

Seven kinds of pyroligneous acids were collected at different temperature ranges (K7-1: 90 to 140 ºC; K7-2: 140 to 190 ºC; K7-3: 190 to 240 ºC; K7-4: 240 to 290 ºC; K7-5: 290 to 340 ºC; K7-6: 340 to 440 ºC; and K7-7: 440 to 480 ºC). The chemical compositions of the pyroligneous acids were determined by GC-MS. Moreover, the biological activities of pyroligneous acids were investigated by a foliar spray experiment of rape using the pyroligneous acids collected at 90 to 480 ºC. The physiological and chemical responses of pyroligneous acids, including the content of soluble protein and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were detected. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that the chemical profiles of pyroligneous acids varied with pyrolysis temperature. About 62 kinds of compounds belonging to 8 groups were identified, including ketones, phenols, organic acids, ester, benzene and its derivatives, aldehydes, alcohols, and sugar derivatives. Finally, the pyroligneous acids from walnut shell were applied in foliar spray for rape (Brassica campestris L.). The results demonstrated that pyroligneous acid from walnut shell with a low concentration significantly enhanced the content of soluble protein and the activity of SOD in rape leaves

Chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea monophora misdiagnosed as sporotrichosis and cutaneous tuberculosis in a pulmonary tuberculosis patient

Chromoblastomycosis is caused by dematiaceous fungi. It develops after inoculation of the organism into the skin. We report a case of chromoblastomycosis in a pulmonary tuberculosis patient without known history of trauma. The lesions were initially diagnosed as sporotrichosis and skin tuberculosis. Histopathology of scales and skin biopsy specimen revealed sclerotic bodies, the hallmark of chromoblastomycosis. The causative organism was identified as Fonsecaea monophora by rDNA ITS sequencing. The lesions recovered markedly after two month treatment with oral terbinafine 250 mg daily according to drug sensitive test in vitro in combination with local thermotherap