XYLOGLUCAN CONJUGATED FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE OXIDE AS A NANO CARRIER SYSTEM FOR pH RESPONSIVE TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY OF FUCOIDAN

Objective: Marine polysaccharides are materializing in the field of biomedicine owing to its promising properties, including high biocompatibility, excellent biodegradability, nontoxic nature, abundance and low cost. Fucoidan (FU), a sulphated marine polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, shows a promising application prospect as an anticancer model drug. In order to enhance the stability, biocompatibility and drug loading capacity, xyloglucan was chosen as a targeting ligand, conjugated onto the surface of chitosan functionalized graphene oxide for targeted delivery of fucoidan. Methods: Firstly, Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by modified Hummer’s method and functionalized with chitosan (CS) via amidation process, further conjugated with xyloglucan (XG). The resulting conjugate, GO-CS-XG, was used to deliver fucoidan through a nanocarrier drug delivery method. The developed GO-CS-XG-FU nanosystem was analyzed for its physiochemical characterization, morphology, hemolytic activity, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Results: The FU loading efficiency and capacity were 75.7% and 83.4%, respectively. XG ligands on the nanoparticle may lead the nanoparticles to actively target cancer cells. Hemolytic activity of the FU-loaded GO-CS-XG nanosystem shows negligible activity, thus making it a potential candidate for biomedical applications. In vitro drug release analysis of FU from GO-CS-XG was lesser at physiological pH but under acidic conditions, it was significantly increased. Results of in vitro cell viability studies indicate that the efficiency of fucoidan was improved upon conjugation with the nanosystem (GO-CS-XG) against human histiocytic lymphoma (U 937) cell line. Conclusion: As a result, we propose a new multifunctional graphene-based targeted platform by using xyloglucan polysaccharide as targeting nanomaterial for pH-responsive anticancer drug delivery with high efficacy

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF Aerva lanata, Adathoda vasica, Pisonia alba, Sesbania grandiflora AND Indigofera aspalathoides

The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of various phytochemicals from ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform extracts of Aerva lanata (whole plant), leaves of Adathoda vasica, Pisonia alba, Sesbania grandiflora and Indigofera aspalathoides. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, resins, carbohydrates and proteins. The whole plant of A. lanata showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates and proteins. Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, resins, carbohydrates and proteins are found in the leaves of Adathoda vasica. Flavonoids, glycosides and resins were found in the leaves of Pisonia alba. No phytochemical constituents were found in the chloroform extract of Pisonia alba leaves. Ethanol and methanol leaf extracts from Sesbania grandiflora and methanol leaf extract from Indigofera aspalathoides indicated that they contained most of the phytochemical compounds. The different extracts of plants have clearly indicated the presence of all the major phytochemicals, hence these plants can be used for the extraction of bioactive compounds