Role of Information Technology in Healthcare Services: Visitor's Perception

The ageing population, increasing pollution, and lethargic life style of human beings are some of the primary reasons for the growth of healthcare sector. Indian entrepreneurs have observed this growth opportunities and providing healthcare services in multiple ways. However, the literature emphasizes that without integrating information technology in existing healthcare facilities, quality service cannot be rendered to a large number of patients. With this backdrop, the present study is a novel endeavour to explore the role of information technology in Indian healthcare services. It aims to explain the relevance and dimensions of information technology in relation to healthcare services and examines the empirical relationship between identified dimensions and some demographical factors (age, educational qualification, income, and gender).The results of this study can be beneficial to healthcare professionals, service enablers, implementing agencies, and policy makers. Limitations, further research directions and conclusions have been discussed

Investigations on noval method for the formulation of solid dispersions part- I Formulation, characterization and selection

The solid dispersions of indomethacin with hydrophilic polymers were prepared by lyophilization. The polymers used in the investigation were HPMC, PVP K30, CBR and PLF 127. The solubility and dissolution of indomethacin from prepared lyophilized solid dispersions were investigated in 0.1 N HCl, purified water and USP-NF dissolution media.  Out of fifteen lyophilized formulations from F1 to F15, five formulations F2, F5, F8, F12 and F14 showed highest solubility in purified water. Formulation F2, F8 failed to comply with the USP-NF dissolution test for indomethacin capsules. Formulation F14 showed maximum dissolution in the respective dissolution media within 60 min.  Sustained drug release was observed for 6 h with formulations F2 and F8 in USP-NF media. The formulations F2, F5, F8, F12 and F14 were characterized by modulated DSC and FT-IR spectroscopy. Some Formulations on stability testing were found physico-chemically stable at accelerated temperature conditions

Farmakokinetika cefotaksima u bivolske teladi nakon višekratne primjene.

The pharmacokinetic pattern of cefotaxime following its repeated dosing was studied in buffalo calves. Cefotaxime was given at a dose rate of 13 mg/kg, first by intravenous route (i.v.) followed by intramuscular (i.m.) administration, 8 hourly for 5 days. Plasma levels of cefotaxime equivalent at different pre-determined time intervals were estimated. At 1 min, after first i.v. injection, plasma level was 71.7 ± 6.01 μg.ml-1, which gradually declined and drug was detected up to 8 h (0.09 ± 0.05 μg.ml-1). Plasma concentration of cefotaxime equivalent at 15, 20, 30 and 480 min following all repetitions was almost the same. After final intramuscular injection, peak plasma concentration (11.0 ± 0.24 μg.ml-1) was detected at 20 min, which declined to 0.08 ± 0.04 μg.ml-1 at 8 h. On comparing the data on plasma levels of repeated intramuscular injections with first intravenous injection, it was revealed that repeated intramuscular injections of cefotaxime have no prolonged therapeutic effect and lack any cumulative effect. Perusal of kinetic determinants of cefotaxime following first i.v. injection and last i.m. injection revealed no significant difference in relation to β, t1/2β, AUC, Vd(area) and ClB. Such lack of variation indicated that repeated administration of cefotaxime did not alter its disposition kinetics.Istražene su farmakokinetičke osobine cefotaksima u bivolske teladi nakon njegove višekratne primjene. Cefotaksim je bio dan u dozi od 13 mg/kg t.m. prvi puta intravenski (i.v.), a potom intramuskularno (i.m.) s razmacima od 8 sati i to tijekom 5 uzastopnih dana. U pokusu je određivana koncentracija cefotaksima u krvnoj plazmi u različitim, prethodno određenim, vremenskim razmacima. Jednu minutu nakon i.v. injekcije razina cefotaksima u plazmi bila je 71.7 ± 6.01 mg/ml te se postupno smanjivala, a niske koncentracije ovog cefalosporina utvrđene su sve do 8 sati nakon davanja (0.09 ± 0.05 mg/ml). Razine cefotaksima u plazmi bile su nepromijenjene 15, 20, 30 i 480 minuta nakon opetovanog davanja. Po posljednjoj i.m. injekciji vršna razina u plazmi utvrđena je nakon 20 minuta (11.0 ± 0.24 mg/ml), a po isteku 8 sati iznosila je 0.08 ± 0.04 mg/ml. Usporedbom vrijednosti koncentracije cefotaksima u plazmi nakon ponovljene i.m. primjene, s koncentracijama poslije prvog i.v. davanja, moglo se utvrditi da opetovane i.m. injekcije cefotaksima ne produžuju njegov terapijski učinak, tj. da se ovaj antibiotik ne kumulira u organizmu. Pažljivim promatranjem kinetičkih pokazatelja cefotaksima nakon njegove prve intravenske i posljednje intramuskularne injekcije utvrđeno je da nema signifikantnih razlika u vrijednostima kao što su: konstanta eliminacije (β), poluvrijeme eliminacije lijeka iz plazme (t1/2β), površina ispod koncentracijske krivulje lijeka u plazmi (area under the curve - AUC), prividni volumen raspodjele (Vd(area)) i ukupni klirens lijeka iz organizma (ClB). Nedostatak promjena u navedenim farmakokinetičkim pokazateljima ukazuje da višekratna primjena cefotaksima nije mijenjala kinetiku dispozicije ovog cefalosporinskog antibiotika treće generacije

Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Microbial Activity of Indole Derivatives

Indoles are probably the most widely distributed heterocyclic compound in nature. Tryptophan and essential amino acid as such is constituent of most proteins. Starting materials were identified by physical, chromatographic and spectral analysis. For substituted isonitroso acetanilide 3.6 gm (0.05M) of chloral hydrate and 48 ml of purified water was taken in it. Then 44 gm of crystallized anhydrous sodium sulfate was added in it and a solution of substituted aniline (0.05 M) in 12 ml of water with 1.7 ml (0.052M) of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to dissolve the amine, and finally, a solution of 4.5gm (0.158M) of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 20 ml of water.for preparation of  substituted isatin from substituted isonitroso acetanilide 32.5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was warmed upto 50°C in a 100 ml round bottom flask with continuous stirring, and 7.5 gram of (0.046 M) of dry substituted isonitroso acetanilide was added to such a rate that to keep the temperature 60-70 but not higher. All synthesized final products were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity [ 13-19, 20-22] against four bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Staphylococcus pyogenus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), Escherichia coli (MTCC 443) and two fungal strains, namely Candida albicans (MTCC 227) and Aspergilla niger (MTCC 282). in-vitro antimicrobial activity with the zone Inhibition in mm 24±2 and activity index 0.89, against Staphylococcus aureus, 22±2 and 0.85 against Staphylococcus pyogenes, 26±2 and 0.96 against Pseudomonas aeruginos, 25±3 and 0.86 against Escherichia coli and two fungal strains shown 26±4 and 0.81 against Candida albicans and 14±2 & 0.88 against Aspergilla niger respectively. Keywords: Indole, Isatin, Antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus

Synthesis, Characterization and Anthelmentic Activity of Indole Derivatives

Indole is a planar molecule with a conjugated system of 10 p electrons. It exists in resonance form with resonance energy of 47-49 K cal/mole. It is a very weak base with Pka value 3.63. In structure a, b, and d the benzenoid 6-p system is preserved. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of physical, chemical, analytical data. The purification of the compounds was carried by purification methods like recrystallization. Physical constant like melting point, boiling point etc, of the new compounds were determined. All the intermediates and final synthesized products were inspected visually for physical appearance. It was physically characterized on the basis of organoleptic properties like color, odor and taste. This determination was obtained using a digital capillary melting point apparatus (Cambell Electronics, Bombay, India) by capillary fusion method. All the synthesized materials were further identified and confirmed by Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC). UV/Visible spectra enables us o study the absorption pattern of the molecule and determination of lmax which is useful for the quantitative estimation of the compound. The IR spectrum of all the synthesized materials was recorded, which showed stretching and bending vibration levels of molecules in potassium bromide pellet by FTIR Spectrophotometer. The synthesized compounds were screened for Anthelmintic activity by using Mathew et al method and Indian adult earthworms (Pheretima Posthuma). All substituted quinoxaline compounds have been screened for their anthelmentic activity. From the screening results it was observed that the presence of electron withdrawing group made the substituted quinoxaline compounds to exhibit moderate to significant anthelmentic activity in comparison to standard drug albendazole. Compound QX1 and QX5 exhibited promising anthelmentic activity. However other two compounds (QX2 & QX4) of the series also exhibited moderate to weak activity against the Pheritma phosthuma. Keywords: Pheritma phosthuma, Indole, Anthelmentic activity

Photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red 24 in Aqueous Media by Photo-Fenton Reagent

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely used for the removal of health hazardous organic pollutants from industrial and municipal wastewater. Reactive Red 24, which has a complex molecular structure with azo aromatic groups, is widely used in textile industry. Degradation of Reactive Red 24 by Photo-Fenton regent has been investigated under irradiation of visible light in aqueous solution. The parameters that influence degradation such as concentration of Reactive Red 24, FeSO4, H2O2, light intensity and pH of the experimental solution were studied. The optimum condition for the photocatalytic degradation of dye was established. The degradation of dye in the dilute solution follows the first order kinetics