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Spent nuclear fuel as a waste form for geologic disposal: Assessment and recommendations on data and modeling needs
This study assesses the status of knowledge pertinent to evaluating the behavior of spent nuclear fuel as a waste form in geologic disposal systems and provides background information that can be used by the DOE to address the information needs that pertain to compliance with applicable standards and regulations. To achieve this objective, applicable federal regulations were reviewed, expected disposal environments were described, the status of spent-fuel modeling was summarized, and information regarding the characteristics and behavior of spent fuel was compiled. This compiled information was then evaluated from a performance modeling perspective to identify further information needs. A number of recommendations were made concerning information still needed to enhance understanding of spent-fuel behavior as a waste form in geologic repositories. 335 refs., 22 figs., 44 tabs
Central GIP signaling stimulates peripheral GIP release and promotes insulin and pancreatic polypeptide secretion in nonhuman primates
Glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has important actions on whole body metabolic function. GIP and its receptor are also present in the central nervous system and have been linked to neurotrophic actions. Metabolic effects of central nervous system GIP signaling have not been reported. We investigated whether centrally administered GIP could increase peripheral plasma GIP concentrations and influence the metabolic response to a mixed macronutrient meal in nonhuman primates. An infusion and sampling system was developed to enable continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions with serial venous sampling in conscious nonhuman primates. Male baboons (Papio sp.) that were healthy and had normal body weights (28.9 \ub1 2.1 kg) were studied (n = 3). Animals were randomized to receive continuous ICV infusions of GIP (20 pmol\ub7kg-1\ub7h-1) or vehicle before and over the course of a 300-min mixed meal test (15 kcal/kg, 1.5g glucose/kg) on two occasions. A significant increase in plasma GIP concentration was observed under ICV GIP infusion (66.5 \ub1 8.0 vs. 680.6 \ub1 412.8 pg/ml, P = 0.04) before administration of the mixed meal. Increases in postprandial, but not fasted, insulin (P = 0.01) and pancreatic polypeptide (P = 0.04) were also observed under ICV GIP. Effects of ICV GIP on fasted or postprandial glucagon, glucose, triglyceride, and free fatty acids were not observed. Our data demonstrate that central GIP signaling can promote increased plasma GIP concentrations independent of nutrient stimulation and increase insulin and pancreatic polypeptide responses to a mixed meal
Transgenic Pea Seeds Expressing the α-Amylase Inhibitor of the Common Bean are Resistant to Bruchid Beetles
5 pages, figures, and tables statistics.Infestations of stored legume seeds by bruchid beetles, such as the cowpea weevil and the Azuki bean weevil cause substantial economic and nutritional losses of these food crops, especially in developing countries.Peer reviewe